628 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
Auglaize river, in Paulding county, which belongs to the Corniferous 
formation. This Paulding limestone is a soft stone which occurs in 
courses about 3 feet thick. It has been sawed, and was used in the 
foundation of the court-house and also in that of the Russel House at 
Defiance, where it has suffered from the action of moisture and frost. 
As other specimens of the same stone do not show this disintegration, 
its defective character is very likely due to the circumstance that it was 
quarried too late in the season. A blue limestone is also quarried about 
5 miles farther down the river from Charloe, which occurs in courses 
from 6 to 18 inches thick, and has been used for the construction of 
locks on the Miami and Hrie canal. It is not durable when: exposed 
to atmospheric action, and the quarries have been abandoned. The 
demand for the material has been destroyed by the introduction of the 
White House stone from the north and the Piqua stone from the south. 
Tiffin is situated exactly upon the boundary between the Niagara 
_and the Helderberg rocks, in Seneca county, and its quarries, although 
producing only Helderberg rocks, show at some times, at their bases, 
exposures of the underlying Niagara limestones. ‘These quarries are 
located on, the eastern side of the ridge known as the Cincinnati axis, 
and the characteristics of the rocks are much the same as those in the 
quarries on the western side of the anticlinal in the Helderberg forma- 
tion; but the stones at Tiffin are more massive, and are therefore more 
suitable for heavy construction. The courses are often 26 inches in 
thickness, and the stones produced are used largely for foundations and 
bridge work. The product of quicklime from these quarries is also large. 
The stone is light drab in color; it is bituminous, and gives forth 
a strong odor when hammered, but this characteristic is not so marked 
as in the dark-colored varieties. ‘The principal market for all three of 
the quarries situated in Tiffin is furnished by the immediate neighbor- 
hood. Beside the quarries in the table there are several smaller ones 
which are worked in the vicinity of the town, and which produce the 
same kind of material in less amount. 
A short distance west of Fremont several quarries have been opened 
in the strata of the Water-lime or Helderberg formation. 
_ The only quarry at this point of sufficient importance on account of 
its production of building stone is situated one mile to the west of Fre- 
mont, and in this the value of the lime which was produced from the 
quarry during the census year was ten times that of the building stone. 
