CLAY MANUFACTURES. 685 
the metallic oxides, these being the only bodies whose coloring effects 
would last, at the temperature used. ‘The color which each oxide pro- 
duces are well known, but the proportions, manner of mixing and 
temperatures which limit its satisfactory effect are kept as trade 
secrets. The forms in which these oxides are used are called enamel 
paints, and are mixtures of the requisite oxide with suitable oases 
and fluxes, so that on heating the latter unite to form a glass which 
receives its color from the accompanying oxide. Almost any color may 
be produced by just such mixing, as the other branches of painting 
employ, but the greatest difficulty of the art is met in the adaptation of 
the fusing point of the glaze of the ware to that of the color. The 
oxides in commonest use are cobalt, blue; nickel, yellow or brown; 
iron, black ; manganese, brown or violet ; chromium, green ; copper, red ; 
tin, pink; tin and gold, purple; silver, or uranium, antimony and car- 
bon, different yellows; zinc, opaque white; and gold, purple. There are 
several well-marked styles of pottery decoration now used, such as paint- 
ing, striping and hand-painting. 
The decoration of ware in Ohio embraces all these different plans, 
but in all cases the work is placed upon the already glazed ware. The 
development of this industry in Liverpool is enormous ; a rough estimate 
has been made, that of the white-ware manufactured in the United 
States, Liverpool produces one-third, Trenton a half, and the scattered 
works one-sixth. The following firms are engaged in its manufacture 
at East Liverpool: 
Warmplilentke-awiiniteswancesscccmsercetedeccacoue<Seteceses eossdeccveescs 3 kilns 
GoodwineBroser Oe Csi wanerwaccesscsscesssacescsccesssesenccscsoctosdoveecs 6 1G 
Ho wtersa: Co-operative: Com \wihite rt u.ccsssatcedcssseceseosseeeten neon. 4 < 
Wm. Brunt & Co. OL) EB aan CREO RAGES Gace CARE MGR CE ECE 4 a 
Geo. Harker & Co. SOE BAR On ORObGD GoDe a ROR DO DECC ORE 4 “ 
Knowleswlaylorccukeno wiles cull eessecmeseeeseseeecccseesteesccsen cer ese 1B & 
Homer Laughlin, BPP esac ante at aman ieee sire sicsisiiic elas oot 5 ok 
C. C. Thompson & Co., C. C., Mate yellow and Rock...... Asay 10 cs 
Wodnevgcubromawilaitfe= WATE) (fcisvsccccs.csceeicceescssese (ass caseseses wie: 3 ‘¢ 
Wallace & Gheewen: WILL AWiATO Weer sch tenet sen ccna dau sespene Sedat 3 re 
Buriordsbrossy © iO GwWane.cavncsevubesanestecersevencces Rosen pO nO 2 ae 
West, Hardwick & Co. White-Ware.........-.ccscsccsessscccesscceseseces 3 yi 
John Wylie & Sons, NT ese ects ceccecch acts emeeen tc. 3 ss 
Thirteen firms. 63 ts 
Besides these works, there are two stilt and pin factories depending 
on these for their custom, and a flint and spar mill, as well as two deco- 
