COAL SEAMS OF HOLMES COUNTY. 819 
sgray). This would reduce the interval between coal No. 6 and the lime 
tone to 45 feet. But the lower Kittanning coal (No. 5) is wanting in- 
all this second field, and some twenty feet of shale carrying iron ore 
have gone with it, so that the interval between the limestone and the 
‘Upper Kittanning coal is reduced to about 25 feet. (See Fig. VII). The 
Putnam Hill limestone is by no means wanting in the second field, but 
the two are rarely seen together. A few cases, however, are mentioned 
hereafter. 
Brief reference must be made to some horizons of the general sec- 
tion, Fig. I. The lowest coal (No. 1) is assumed to be the equivalent 
of the Sharon or Massillon seam, although it lies but 80 or 100 feet 
below the Lower Mercer (blue) limestone, whereas, in Stark and 
Mahoning counties, it is from 125 to 150 feet. In Fig. II it is seen close 
upon the characteristic Waverly shales, 98 feet below the limestone. 
The conglomerate is generally wanting. 
The Quakertown coal or iron ore seam, of former reports, may be 
called No. 2. It lies between the upper and lower divisions of the 
coarse Massillon sandstone. In twelve different sections where measured 
at ranges from 52 to 71 feet below the Lower Mercer limestone, the 
iverage being 60 feet. It is shown in Figs. II and VI. 
Twenty-two feet (15 to 28) below the Lower Mercer horizon, a coal 
seam appears which is designated 2a. It has been recognized in nine 
different sections, and is shown in Figs. II, 1V, VI, VII. At some of 
these localities this may prove to be the Lower Mercer coal (No. 3), but 
if so, it will only emphasize the fact that the “blue limestone” is often 
‘the Upper Mercer, while the Lower Mercer is wanting. 
The Lower Mercer coal (No. 3) and limestone (blue) constitute the 
- most definite and persistent horizon in the county. They are invaluable 
as a starting point in identifying other horizons. 
The Upper Mercer coal (3a) and limestone (blue, often flinty) are 
seen in the same section with the Lower Mercer coal and limestone at 
New Carlisle, and many places in southern Walnut Creek, at J. H. 
Harold’s, in Central Point; at Moses Steele’s, in south-eastern Mechanic ; 
at Daniel Uhl’s, in Central Mechanic, Fig. IV ; at L. Allison’s, on the 
Knox and Monroe line, and many other places. (Seealso Fig. III). The 
Upper Mercer Limestone can probably be found in every township 
where it is due, either as a limestone or a flint. My measurements 
make it from 17 to 385 feet above the Lower Mercer, average 30. 
