870 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
others in the neighborhood. In the adjoining township of Hopewell, 
in Licking county, is the celebrated Flint Ridge. The flint belongs to 
the horizon of the Ferriferous limestone, but at the northern base of 
the ridge is the finest development of the Lower Mercer coal in this 
portion of the State. It is the well-known Flint Ridge cannel coal. 
The cannel has been found in full thickness at but a single locality. 
A brief account of this deposit will follow on a later page of the chap- 
ter. It is upon the south-eastern side of the Ridge that the mines of 
Muskingum county, already referred to, are situated. The coal here is 
ordinary bituminous coal, divided by a number of partings, and con- 
sequently a dirty seam, but it has good thickness, and may fairly be 
counted as supply that will at some time become available. There 
would seem reason to believe in considerable area of this coal in these 
two townships, and possibly in adjoining ones. ‘There is not likely to 
be any large demand for it aside from the accessible portions of the 
cannel coal, under the conditions that now prevail, as it cannot compete 
with the better seams around it so long as they are produced so cheaply. 
The other seams that are named in this subsidiary list are insig- 
nificant as sources of fuel. ‘Their main interest is in their occurrence 
as geological elements. | | 
A small mine has lately been opened in the coal below the Putnam 
Hill limestone (the Brookville coal, Coal No. 4; Coal No. 36) within the 
city limits of Zanesville, but the thickness of the seam is small, and it 
cannot support any continuous or extensive operations. 
Tt is not necessary to dwell further upon these thin and inconstant 
coals. Their places can be determined by the general section given on 
pages 96,.and by the particular sections given on page 99. 
Of the three seams already named as the really important sources 
of fuel, the Middle Kittanning, or Coal No. 6, is by far the steadiest. 
Both of the others, viz., the Lower Kittanning, No. 5, and the Upper 
Freeport, No. 7, are inconstant and irregular to a high degree, and yet 
each of them furnishes a good basis for mining in numerous localities in 
the county. Each of these will be briefly characterized. 
The Lower Kittanning coal is a bright, well-faced coal, carrying 
about 50 per cent. of fixed carbon, about 40 per cent. of volatile com- 
bustible matter, and about 4 to 5 per cent of ash. Though quite high 
in sulphur, averaging over 2 per cent., its ash is generally white. It 
mines small, and the seam yields considerable dirt in many localities. 
