COAL MINES OF NORTHERN PERRY COUNTY. 889 
This analysis shows a coal of excellent character but it is believed 
to fairly represent the coal of a large area. There are mines in the field 
the quality of whose output is decidedly inferior to the quality shown 
above, but there are very many that come fully up to this standard. 
The only point, if any, in which the foregoing analysis overstates the 
composition of the better grades of this seam within the district, is the 
percentage of sulphur. It will be safe to count on 2 per cent. of this 
element. In all respects, as will be seen, the analysis represents the 
Middle Kittanning coal in its characteristic phases. 
The Lower Kittanning Coal (No. 5). 
This seam is not as constant in character as the seam last described. 
It is not only inconstant in its appearance in the sections where it is due, 
but, when it does appear, it is not always with the same constitution, 
physical or chemical. Still it can be described in general terms as a 
white ash, open-burning coal, with about the same percentage of fixed 
carbon, volatile matter and sulphur as the coal above it. It is a little 
higher in ash, as a general thing, and is counted more lasting in the fire. 
Its normal thickness is between 4 and 5 feet, and within this district it 
attains its full thickness at many points, becoming a proper and valuable 
basis for mining. It is commonly known as the “4-foot seam.” It 
frequently occurs as an undivided seam, and when found at its best, it 
is one of the brightest and cleanest coals of this portion of the State. 
Its irregularities are mainly in the floor, which is a hard black slate 
above a fire-clay. This floor rises and falls in ridges and troughs, which 
complicate the drainage of the mines to some extent. 
These two seams will now be briefly traced from the eastern county 
line through the several townships that hold them, and their present 
development as sources of fuel will be shown. 
Madison Township. 
The Kittanning coals oceupy a small part of Sections 22, 27, 33 
and 34 in the south-east corner of the township. The lower seam is 
also reported to occupy a small area in the high grounds of Sections 15, 
10, 3 and 4. The coal is of but small account in this last-named area, 
but the clay of the seam, as here identified, has been worked to a con- 
siderable extent, and has always been counted of superior quality. 
The Hazlett farm, now belonging to Davis Woodruff, is reported to 
