948 GEOLOGY OF OHIO.’ 
thrown out from the entire thickness. A few inches of inferior quality 
are always to be looked for directly above the second slate. Sometimes 
this band is called bone coal, and sometimes soft coal. Occasionally 
the whole bench is found fit for market. The average thickness of the 
rejected coal at this point in the seam, for the body now described, is 6 
inches. Another layer of inferior quality, from 4 to 8 inches thick, 
occurs near the top of the seam. It is commonly a heavy and lustreless 
cannel, in which case it is known as “horn coal,” but it is sometimes 
“‘ soft coal,” and again it is sometimes of the variety already described 
as “bone coal.” ‘There is always inferior quality at this level. A thin 
band next to the roof, and called by the miner white cap, is also re- 
jected. It is about 2 inches thick. 
The Shawnee Valley mine is one of the best ordered and equipped 
of the entire field. It was the first in the valley to introduce a wire 
cable for hauling out the coal. The cable now extends about 1% 
miles under ground. The trouble arising from a change of direction in 
the main entry has been ingeniously overcome, and the system has 
proved a decided success in every way. 
The coal is represented in the accompanying figure, the section 
being taken from a room where the seam shows its full volume : 
WLQURE, “COI 
STRUCTURE OF COAL AT SHAWNEE VALLEY 
MINE, SHAWNEE. 
Tas Coo liainen tanta, 
Sofk- Cool geje cked—--- 
Coal uu Sean 
Bowe Goal, xejected__--— 
SCO al SOE tea a! 
CGO TEE VEG OK, OE EES 
acsb a Vee |e oui uae 
ie ae ee Lee ee ee 
