COAL MINES OF VINTON AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 993 
have been easy to indicate upon the map many of the valleys 
from which the formation has been cut out, but inasmuch as the repre- 
sentation could not be extended to all, it was considered to be less mislead- 
ing to follow the system here employed. The limestone ore of this district 
has not been worked nearly as extensively as the ore of Lawrence 
county, and we are accordingly left at a relative disadvantage in repre- 
senting it. | 
No question can be raised as to which of the geological elements 
present deserves to be selected for special representation. The Fer- 
riferous limestone is so conspicuous and valuable by reason of the ore, 
limestone, coal and clay that belong to it, that it has no competitor for 
the place of honor on the maps. Moreover, the next horizon in im- 
portance, that of the Kittanning coals, is almost as well represented 
by the limestone boundary as it would be by a boundary devoted to 
itself especially. The Lower Kittanning coal is but 10 to 25 feet above 
the limestone, and there are but few outliers and but small areas in 
these few in which the limestone is found without the coal. 
The reduction of the limestone horizon as it is followed northward 
through Vinton county, and especially in Brown township, is well 
shown by its disappearance from the map, but it is also to be seen that 
enough exposures of it remain to hold fast and establish the sections in 
which it is so important an element. Not less than 8 or 10 outliers are 
found in the hill-tops of Elk and Madison townships, attesting the for- 
mer universal presence of the stratum. These outliers it has been pos- 
sible to map. 
The horizon regains its steadiness in Hocking county, and is largely 
worked there as a source of ore, and to some extent as a source of lime- 
stone. The ore north of Vinton county is known as the Baird ore. 
The Wellston coal field is also represented in a general way upon the 
map, but the description of this feature will be reserved for a subsequent 
section. ‘This seam and also the Jackson shaft coal are so restricted im 
their distribution, and have so little in common with the field at large, 
that they will be treated by themselves in a separate section. 
63 G. 
