996 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
good, but the slates are not only numerous, but are hard to separate. 
In addition to this drawback the seam is unsteady. There is no con- 
siderable area of it now known that can be mined under present condi- 
tions, but the time will doubtless come when its better phases will be 
worked here. The coal found in a boring at Radcliff’s, 137 feet below 
the Ferriferous limestone, is undoubtedly the Lower Mercer coal. There 
are many farms in the county in which a little mining has been done 
in this seam. 
The Newland Coal. 
If the Newland coal of Elk and Madison townships is the Upper 
Mercer seam, to which horizon it has been doubtfully referred (page 
159), this seam deserves more attention and more exploration than it has. 
yet received. The question existing as to the Newland coal is whether 
it is the Upper Mercer or the Tionesta coal (No. 3a, or No. 36, or both.) 
The latter comes very close to the Upper Mercer limestone in places 
throughout this region, and it may even prove that the Newland coal 
results from the union of the two seams, the limestone being represented 
by a bed of slate or flint that sometimes separates the main benches of 
the coal. 
The Newland coal gets its name from the farm of Benjamin New- 
land, Section 17, Elk township, where it has long been mined in a small 
way. It is known in the neighborhood as the 7-foot seam. 
The coal at this point lies 38 feet above the top of the Lower Mer- 
cer limestone, which is found here with the unusual thickness of 6 to 10 
feet. The Upper Mercer limestone is found on the same farm, but not 
in immediate association with the coal. The interval between the lime- 
stones, where measured, was found to be 35 feet. So far as this one 
measurement goes, it renders the reference of the coal to the Tionesta 
horizon the more probable one. A long and valuable section is found 
on this farm, the main elements of which are as follows: 
Ferriferous limestone (ore and flint). 
Interval, 38 feet. 
Kidney ore. 
Interval, 14 feet. 
Kidney ore. 
Interval, 43 feet. 
Upper Mercer limestone, 6 inches thick. 
Interval, 25 feet. 
Lower Mercer limestone, 10 feet thick. 
From Lower Mercer to Ferriferous limestone, 130 feet. 
