COAL MINES OF JACKSON COUNTY. 1021 
As the coal seam is remarkably free from impurities of every kind, 
the nut and pea coal of this county has no superior and perhaps no equal 
in Ohio or adjoining States. 
The composition of the Wellston coal is shown in the following 
analysis made for the Survey by Professor Lord. The sampling was 
done in all instances by Mr. C. N. Brown: 
Analysis of Wellston or Coalton Coal (Lord). 
1. Wellston Coal and Iron Co., shaft No. 2. 
2. Southern Ohio Coal and Iron Co., Coalton. 
3. H. L. Chapman’s New Mine, Section 9, Lick township. 
1 2. 3 
IWIOIS GUC eae ee Soe cate cnciue edo oaee edn cols Ghboeore cow macels neds 8.57 7.46 8.89 
Volatile combustible matter ...............cc0sccceeveccseees 36.40 36.40 34.03 
IDB CeVG lh GHW OTOL conbdboos noDodobaD Deb CBn BoC COCR REL EEA Somn ST Cee Paes 51.39 54.97 52.60 
IN ETO. cixacon cacseG Sty BAGSAE Hae HEE Oe II ae intr tel Cs RRnT ne a 3.64 1.17 4,48 
Tasch a ea a nea 100.00 | 100.00 | 100,00 
Sunlipolatngemecnaaces terme nese cat onic cesentacansieenselasesen’ecdiee 0.61 0.68 0.96 
It will be seen that the high reputation of the Wellston coal is 
fully justified by the results of chemical analysis. 
The Manner of Mining. 
The mine shafts of the county are rectangular in shape; they are 
generally made 8x16 feet. None of the shafts exceed 100 feet in depth ; 
the cost of sinking does not usually exceed twelve dollars per foot. 
The drift or clay material down to rock or shale is timbered with plank 
three to six inches thick, laid skin-tight. The underlying walls of rock 
or shale stand in place without support. 
The horse-gin is generally used for hoisting the debris of the shaft ; 
little water is encountered, and with three good workmen in the pit at 
once, in shifts of eight hours, an average of 3 feet in 24 hours can he 
excavated. Greater headway is made in slate than in sandrock, as the 
former blasts better, and the sides of the shaft are more easily dressed. 
After the coal is reached, subterranean work is suspended until the’ 
hoisting machinery is raised. The shaft frame is made of 10-inch tim- 
bers, 32 to 36 feet in height; it consists of 4 timbers, planted one at each 
corner of the shaft; the landing for delivery of the loaded cars is made 
