1022 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
22 to 23 feet above the mouth of the pit; the pulley wheels are placed 
on top of the frame; the tipple is 27 to 35 feet from the landing; the 
hoisting engine is usually set on the side of the shaft opposite the tipple 
within 10 feet of the shaft mouth; sometimes it is located at the end of 
the shaft. 
A great variety of hoisting engines is used. Double engines are 
preferred to single ones. Crane Brothers’ hoist and safety cage is, 
perhaps, the best and safest. A single flue boiler suffices for the 
generation of steam to do the hoisting and pumping. All the pits have 
double hoisting compartments; a loaded car being raised on one side 
as an empty one is lowered on the other side. The hoisting compart- 
ments occupy 12 feet of breadth, leaving 4 feet, which is set apart for 
pumping water and frequently for an upcast ventilating compartment, 
the exhaust steam from the steam pump at the bottom of the shaft rare- 
fying and giving motion to the upward current. The engine house, 
shaft and dump house are enclosed under the building. A hopper set 
of weigh scales is placed at the end of the screen, and the lump coal in 
passing over the coal is caught in the hopper and weighed before it is 
delivered into the railway flats. | 
None of the shaft mines, except the Corse slope of the Southern 
Ohio Coal and Iron Co., have costly or elaborate machinery or other 
arrangements for lifting and dumping coal. Ten thousand (10,000) 
dollars will fully equip a mine, including the cost of sinking, as mines 
are operated in Jackson county. 
The weight of loads raised through the shaft is from 1,000 to 
1,800 pounds. Three hundred tons per day, at the best regulated shaft 
mines, constitute the shipping capacity of lump coal. 
The slope mine of the Southern Ohio Coal and Iron Co., which 
has very costly and elaborate arrangements for handling coal, has a 
capacity of 600 tons per day. 
Two plans are followed in working the mine, one by driving 
double entries, and the other by driving single entries. Only those 
mines in which the height of coal reaches 4 feet, work by the double 
entry plan, and not all of them do so. The new mine of the Wellston 
Coal and Iron Co., the Corse mine of the 8. O. C. & I. Co., Fluhart’s 
mine, the Center Valley mine and part of the workings of the Milton 
Furnace mine, all in the Wellston district, work by double entries. 
The parallel entries, each 8 feet wide, have a pillar 3 to 4 yards in 
