1024 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
so of the roof being blasted out for this purpose. The roof in the 
rooms is never ripped, no matter how low the coal may be. A mule 
takes 4 to 6 loaded cars with ease along a well-laid and properly graded 
track. ‘ One of these animals, four-and-a-half feet high, will haul 20 
tons per day over roads a mile in length. A pusher will push 12 to 
15 tons, the amount of coal moved depending on the distance from the 
working faces of the miners to the hauling roads of the mules. 
The main roads of mines are laid with “T” iron, 8 and 12 
pounds to the yard, the 8-pound rail being chiefly used in the yard 
coal mines and the 12-pound rail in the four-foot mines. Wooden 
rails are used in all the rooms; they are often made of scantling, 2x4 
inches, laid flat ways and nailed down on cross-ties, 1x6 inches, made 
of oak plank. 
The width of the track varies from 2 feet 8 inches to 3 feet 3 inches, 
according to the taste of managers. 
The miners in the Coalton district are paid 5 cents per ton more 
for digging than in the Wellston district and at Jackson, the price in 
the latter districts being the same as that of the great iron region of the 
Hocking Valley. ‘The prices ruling during the past two years at 
Wellston were 80 cents in winter and 70 cents in summer. An average 
of 22 cents per ton in addition to the price of digging is required for 
the payment of day men, that is, haulers, pushers, tracklayers, dumpers, 
weighmaster, etc., etc. 
SECTION III.—MINES OF JACKSON COUNTY ABOVE THE HORIZON OF 
THE WELLSTON COAL. 
By EpWARD ORTON. 
The Jackson and Wellston coal fields having been treated in a 
separate section, it would require but few lines to describe the remaining 
mines of the county, if only those were considered that contribute to 
the general market, but the policy already adopted will be continued 
here, and a brief review will be made of the apparent possibilities of 
the field, as well as of its actual and very feeble present development. 
The seams which are found in the county have been already 
enumerated on page 994, and, in the account of Vinton county, all 
those that are of workable volume have been briefly characterized. 
The description of the Vinton county seams applies with but few 
changes to the seam of Jackson county. | 
