1046 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
of the regions where it is due, and will doubtless be hereafter followed 
under its heaviest cover. Its quality is always fair and often excellent. 
A few sections will be furnished, illustrative of the character of the 
seam throughout the district. | 
At Washington Furnace it has the structure represented=below : 
FXLGURE CXXXAY 
SECTION OF MIDDLE KITTANNING COAL 
iN 0.6), AT WASHINGTON FURNACE MINES 
BiaekeSiletet se eee 
Coal-bony-rejected —_— — — 
Firé-clay parting 2°25 eZ 
Coal used in furnace _ __ ae 
Pure sella ty er ee ears gee ea 
It has been worked at this point in the large way for a number of 
years, the coal having been found to be certainly the only seam that 
could be used to replace charcoal in iron manufacture at this point, the 
timber for the latter having been exhausted. The earlier trials with — 
this seam were unsuccessful. Attempts were made to coke the coal, 
but the open-burning nature of the seam forbade good results in this 
direction, and the mcst that could be done was to char the coal and 
expel part of its sulphur. Success was gained at last by largely increas- 
ing the flux of the charge, when it was found that failure had not at 
any time been due to the coal. Only the middle bench, 28 inches in 
thickness, is taken, and consequently there is a rapid reduction in 
available acreage of the seam. The coal thoroughly approved itself as 
one of the few that can be used raw in the smelting of iron. 
The next section of the seam that is represented comes from Deca- 
tur township. On the lands of Mt. Vernon furnace, Section 22, it 
shows the structure indicated. below. 
The lower bench, which is wanting in the Washington section, reap- 
pears, and clay shales take the place of the bone coal there shown. The 
middle bench is the heart of the seam in all of the fields that it occu- 
pies. This bench holds nearly the same thickness here as in Perry 
‘county. 
A few notes will be given at this point as to certain coal seams of 
‘Gallia county. The observations are miscellaneous, and are counted 
