SURFACE GEOLOGY. 43 
with the lake ridges; being composed of different materials, holding a 
higher level, and being far less continuous and uniform in altitude. It 
may easily be shown, also, that they were produced by different causes, 
and belong to a different series of Drift phenomena. They are, indeed, 
almost the exact equivalents of what are called Kames in Scotland, Eskers 
in Ireland, and Asarin Scandinavia. They are also to be compared with 
the accumulations of coarse Drift material which crown the highlands 
in Michigan, Wisconsin, and in the country north of the lakes; also, 
with the “ hog’s-backs,” the abrupt conical or elongated hills of gravel 
and bowlders so common in eastern Canada and New England. 
The form and composition of the ‘‘ Kames ”’—as 
we shall call them—which are set along the high- "VG (ath, aTUAeRON | fa 
lands of Ohio, varies considerably in different cir- bn 
cumstances. Where the accumulation of material E: 
is large, it forms hills of some height, and they are | 
seen to be composed mainly of gravel and sand. f pone 
They sometimes contain bowlders, however, and | 
not unfrequently, those of considerable size; and | 
often rest upon the glaciated surface of the under- 
lying rock, with no intervening sheet of bowlder | 
‘clay or other Drift material. In other localities the | za 
gravel is more widely spread, as though dispersed faii#iss#= = SN 
from its original position, and it then frequently f . 
covers not only the bowlder clay, but also the most /se==ees5 
recent of the Drift deposits. Such cases, however, 2 
I attribute to the washing down of gravels from | Lees 
higher lands, at a comparatively recent date, Ex- 22 
amples of this may be seen in the railroad cut P2#% eseepisasscice pe 
north of Ravenna, where the gravel rests upon j 
bowlder clay, and in the cuts for the Valley rail- 
road near Akron, where it overlies the laminated os 
sandy clays which form the summit of the Drift [es 
series. The gravel and bowlders that form the | 
kames are both indigenous and exotic. In some 
instances, the underlying or neighboring rocks 
have contributed largely to make up the deposits ; |¢ 
as, near Akron, where masses of conglomerate, sand- | i 
stone, and pieces of coal, often of considerable size, | coal otal 
are found in the gravel beds; evidently derived Base conglomerate ; 428 fect - 
from the strata-which were once continuous over fanmail: 
all this region, Near Ravenna, the sandstone overlying coal No. 1 has 
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