44 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
contributed largely to the formation of the masses of loose material; and 
in Stark county the compact and tough Coal-Measure limestones have 
supplied many of the rounded bowlders and gravel stones. In the 
western portion of the State, the limestones that form the Cincinnati 
arch have sometimes furnished nine-tenths of the materials composing 
the kames. Mingled with these native rocks, however, we often find a 
large, frequently a preponderating, number of representatives of the crys- 
talline or paleeozoic rocks of the country north of the lakes, viz., granite, 
greenstone, quartzite, silicious slate, crystalline limestone, and also peb- 
bles and fossils of the Silurian and Devonian rocks of the varieties found 
in Canada and not in Ohio. These transported masses are generally 
small, well rounded, and never, so far as I have observed, scratched or 
ground like the pebbles and bowlders of the Erie clay; much of which is 
true glacial Drift. In one or two instances, native copper, evidently from 
Lake Superior, has been found in these gravel beds. The arrangement 
of the materials in the kames is irregular, but it generally shows plain 
indications of the action of water. Sometimes its stratification is quite | 
distinct, and bands of gravel and sand succeed each other in nearly per- 
fect horizontality and parallelism. In such cases the deposits are spread 
over a large area, and where cut into hills and tables, are plainly the 
portions of once continuous and somewhat extensive sheets. Here we 
may conclude that the materials are rearranged, having been washed 
down from higher levels and spread by the action of shore-waves and 
currents. 
The “ hog’s-backs” and more well-defined hills of the kames usually 
show oblique and irregular stratification; beds of sand, gravel, and occa- 
sionally of bowlders, alternate, but the sheets are rarely horizontal, and 
they interlock by wedging. The sand beds are also frequently cross- 
stratified. I give below a section of Buck Hill, Stark county, as a good 
illustration of the structure of our kames. It is 40 feet high, and its 
base is 560 feet above Lake Hrie. 
PROFILE SECTION OF BUCK HILL, STARK COUNTY, OHIO. 
A, sand. 3B, gravel, sand, and bowlders. C, sheets of sand. 
