36 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
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In the preceding sections the clay is all more or less loamy, 7. ¢., mixed 
with very fine sand; and though plastic when wet, is crumbling when 
dry. All the layers contain much iron: that in the blue bands, which 
are finer and wetter, as protoxide; that in the yellow layers, which are 
somewhat ochery, in the condition of hydrated sesquioxide; that in the 
red bands, as anhydrous peroxide. The remarkably regular stratification 
of the series of beds now under consideration proves them to have been 
deposited in quiet water ; and as they reach down the valley of the Cuy- 
ahoga for many miles, apparently connecting with the laminated portion 
of the Erie clay, we are compelled to conclude they were deposited in the 
Cuyahoga valley when it was completely filled with the water of Lake 
Erie; and the absence of all coarse material proves conclusively that this 
was not then a drainage channel. From their peculiarly permeable and 
loamy character, these clays would be removed with more facility than 
any other of our Drift deposits; and it is probable that the only reason 
why they are present here, while wanting over most of the slope of the 
watershed, is, that, in this deep gorge, they have been protected from the 
action of the shore waves, which washed away from the surrounding 
country all of the superficial deposits, except the tough and impervious 
bowlder clay. 
THE LOKSS. 
The “Bluff formation” of the West is sometimes called the “ Loess,”’ 
from its resemblance to the Loess of the Rhine. I have designated it, ina 
