158 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
No. 1, which in Scioto, Columbiana, Jefferson, Tuscarawas, and Summit 
rival the coal seams in economic value, and supply the materials by 
which great industries are sustained. It will be noticed also that none 
of the upper coals, so far as yet examined, are open-burning, and capable 
of use in the raw state as furnace fuels. In one respect only can supe- 
riority be claimed for the Upper Coal Measures over the Lower, and that 
is, in their hydraulic lime. As has been before mentioned, some of the 
limestones of the lower group occasionally become earthy, and are capa- 
ble of furnishing hydraulic lime of fair quality. The locks of the Sandy 
and Beaver Canal were laid up with cement manufactured from one of 
the lower limestones. In the Upper Coal Measures, however, under Coal 
No. 9, is a stratum of hydraulic limestone, from which is manufactured 
a large amount of cement, proved by ample tests to be fully equal in 
quality to any other made in this country. 
The following section of the Upper Coal Measures, as they appear along 
the Ohio, has been prepared at my request by Prof. Stevenson : 
SECTION OF THE UPPER COAL AND BARREN MEASURES. 
No. Strata. Feet. || No. Strata. Feet. 
SAB) |) ILMAVS SOLE) so45b65 ds0on0000 on00c6 7 9 | Shale and sandstone. } ty} 50 to 100 
QML SAMGStOMeweeseeee eee tae 40 Se Shial ere eg g 2to 10 
BA || Choa: ISOs, TW83.s0000008 990500000 600 WO Bi | Cai IMO 7G sodoe0 060000 ei dio’ 
33 | Sandstone and shale........ TOM) B |) AEC. Ssosooo05.c00080 ee 1 
MOOMCOMLEN OY Tie aan: Micaela cys 1 to 6 || 5 | Sandstone and shale. | = 50 
31 | Sandstone and shale........ ZORtOVAO | | An CoaleN own (EO) masse. =} Oto 5 
30 | Coal No.11(Waynesburg)..| 14 %0 4 S| PENT E=Claivanactoaneseasces = 3 
DQ) | VIRECIENY ” s650068 906000000 40000: 1 2) eimestone Pees eceeiconnee ® 2to 10 
28 | Sandstone and shale........ 50 || 1} Mahoning sandstone ) * |..........sse0 
He WLANTEStTOMEM sect deneusascleseee 6 In Belmont county the 
IXG, || SEWAVOISTEOLIKS) * Gdcb00uds 'd60000800 656 45 section between coals Nos. 
25). |) Claailh: IN@s\ NO \36edose coc60 660600 STLOMO 8 and 9 differs somewhat 
Av ihhine-Clangueeneceussencescncclte 3 from the above, owing to 
DBS | SHUIVOISRONNS) 460006 cooo0dd0 000506 35 to 40 intercalated beds, and is 
BY || Coal ISOs Drococodcca' Gad00000 90008 24 as follows: 
DAL TRI RBREROIE IZ “Banococsouacracsa00. o6c Fold Coad Now Oevsesten ese sseredee os 24 
FAQ) |) TUM TDAS KOSI): Sdocodode dagdso 606500 B30) 0) GAD) INP AMO) |] Aa TOVSTWOIN]’ ccoscoace dooses 0006 70 
19) | Black shale) <... cs. ..c..-.-s.es 2 to 10 Oi CoalMNOWSG Breen orese eee 2to 4 
18 | Coal No. 8(Pittsburgh, H)| 4to 8 8.) Hine-claypetiatsc sepscasusoss 2 
GQ PLGROWER?. “ceooncate cdedeo }| ee 3 Ch || SEAGIG WOSOVE) 455560500 000000000 900 5 to 39 
16 | Limestone .............. = 4 to 30 6 | Coal No. 8b, with shale 
15 | Shale and sandstone. © 110 (Sewickley) Miccnscececereces 
AMIR S WALSH us ecwatees 5 to 10 Syull IWAMOTO) cossoabao oo0d6d0nd bod 20 
13 | Crinoidal limestone.. | = Yh two) 3) 4 | Coal No. 8a (Redstone)..... 13 
HOM Sale sccretenesies | - 1 to 17 3D) | LEIMIEStOME Ne raecrosciinece sacs 25 
11 | Coal No. 7b (G)........ = Oe ZEN PARP ISIOENIES) coedcs qsoo6300 | cHn000600 009 5 
I) |] LURE ERY Sbssqden dosdoo J g 2 1 | Coal No. 8 (Pittsburgh) ... 8 
Coat No. 8. 
Coal No. 8, or the Pittsburgh seam, enters Ohio in Jefferson county, 
where it caps the hills north and west of Steubenville, about 500 feet 
