468 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
width by four miles in length, surrounded by low hills. On the south 
side a small branch drains the superfluous water into the Little Hock- 
hocking. In digging wells for domestic use in this tract, beds of sand, 
gravel, and plastic clay are passed to the depth of thirty feet, containing 
imbedded branches of trees, leaves, and fragments of wood, of recent and 
living species. Similar valleys and levels are found-in the uplands of the 
western part of the county, lying between the head waters of the creeks, 
and are a kind of table-land. From the frequency of these flat lands 
between the head waters of the Little Hocking and the South Branch 
of Wolf Creek, it is quite possible that at some remote period the waters 
of Wolf Creek were discharged into the Ohio River instead of the Mus- 
kingum. This opinion is strengthened from the fact that the head 
branches of the South Fork now rise within two’ miles of the Ohio, and 
run northerly, parallel with and opposite to the course of the Muskingum 
for twelve miles, and join that river twenty miles from its mouth. The 
remains of its ancient beds would form pools and ponds-of standing water, 
furnishing fit residences for the fresh-water shells, whose fossil remains 
are now found there. Great changes, evidently, have been made in the 
direction of all our water-courses before they found their present levels.” 
WATERTOWN TOWNSHIP. 
This township lies north of Barlow and south of Waterford. The north 
half of its western line borders Morgan county. It is chiefly drained by 
' Wolf Creek, except its eastern side, which is drained by the head waters 
of Rainbow Creek. The township is less hilly than most in the county, 
and the land is generally finely situated for agricultural purposes. Like 
most of the townships west of the Muskingum River, the rock strata, by 
the disintegration of which the soil is formed, are chiefly shales and 
sandstone, with probably little limestone. There is a heavy deposit of 
limestone in the bed of the West Branch of Wolf Creek, but it must be 
removed and applied artificially to the land. How far this has been 
attempted, either in the form of hmestone or as a quicklime, I do not 
know. High in the hill near the Muskingum dam, above Beverly, there 
are two or three layers of limestone. These may extend through the 
hills of Watertown. The only seam of coal observed is the one near the 
village of Watertown. On the land of William G. Woodford the follow- 
ing section was taken: 
Et. In 
a GRAS) oil (aie Raa RE a RNAS Se gncel th a) UP UND AB I mr na bMS MAD DS Aaa onbadad 6 0 
OLMIS AMASEO ME we shieaek bs melee ne ae reenter eas Cs PaaS MISTING BU SUS Re a Ra 4 0 
Oi Veale ed inaies Mane ul nce, Nite NU SENET AMARA D et aA. St gal LAUR a ace 5 0 
A, Bituminous, ferruginous shale, with coal plants ..............000+ sereeeeee 2:0 
He mC oalmcome wilnalislatyarcerscsdeteccutcetnenceciececeaes Jasgsualletastusslepneeelnersnoane 2 0 
(Sy Ufa 6 eh) EN, scoed65q60|docio000400 650800 coDd0005 adooudde. ddobod baKobD Sarde odonGa56 4obo00000 i @ 
(See Map XI., No. 9.) 
