490 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
- This is a rich ore, and would make an iron adapted to Bessemer steel. 
If it can be found in adequate quantity it will be of inestimable value. 
FEARING TOWNSHIP. 
This township is situated on Duck Creek, by the waters of which it 
is drained. The largest of the affluents of Duck Creek in the township 
is Whipple’s Run, which rises in the north-western part of Lawrence 
township. The land is hilly, but in the valleys and on the hill-sides 
the soil is good. Asa rule, the soil is less fertile on the ridges. There 
is less limestone in the hills than in Salem township, on the north. The 
so-called limestone coal, the equivalent of the Pomeroy seam, is found 
in the northern part of the township, near the mouth of Whipple’s Run, 
and in that vicinity. Here it has been mined to some extent for neigh- 
borhood use, and formerly it was taken by the plank-road to Marietta. 
On Whipple’s Run the coal is part cannel, while three-quarters of a mile 
below, where it was taken in low water in the bed of Duck Creek, near 
Mr. Flanders’s, it is reported to have been entirely bituminous. . This 
seam of coal in this vicinity well illustrates the changes which some- 
times take place in the character of the coal in short distances. In the 
bed of the creek it is the usual bituminous variety, while as we go north 
a part of the seam is changed into cannel—perhaps in some places it is 
all changed, but when we reach the neighborhood of Salem village it. 
is found to be bituminous again. If we adopt the better theory of the 
origin of cannel coal, there was here a portion of the old coal marsh, in 
which a part of the vegetation was so changed, probably by maceration 
in water, as to lose its structure and become a mere mass of vegetable 
mud or muck. This muck, when buried and compressed and bitumin- 
ized, forms the cannel coal. Unfortunately with this vegetable mud 
there was commingled other mud in the form of clayey sediments, and 
thus the cannel coal now contains a larger quantity of ash than could 
come from coal formed of pure vegetable muck. 
ANALYSIS OF CANNEL CoAL oF WHIPPLE’S Run. 
SPE CHUGH OTA VUE LAesieaune ein actenuanieaaee cata sedalc cue ete aula ueenie aed ayes ae kanes 1.500 
FY] 25 app RR) UA UN aR ale SR SG NL RAED Han NN UA Ee Ae 1.00 
DT se ae OU SN AUN TAATs ea ete ORR eT AA 091g ata Ut TaN a SO 26.00 
Nolatile: combustibles matvenerc ice ce eee e ee eee ence aeeaataes 31.00 
EEG CANDO. ee NE EN BS RUT RT LEO LER esha a Us eas a earache ec ate ta 42.00 
OTe er EE ONT SEN OUSE HIE OULD UD LUE AI GUE MEA Sa Rv eee Ua CERN aT 100.00 
Gas per pound in cubic feet, 2.73. 
Ash, gray. Coke, pulverulent. 
Several years ago, when coal-oil was distilled from cannel coal, and 
before wells were bored for petroleum, a small experimental oil distillery 
