512 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
There is in this township, as in others to the north and north-west, con- 
siderable limestone in the hills, giving fertility to the soil. -The coal 
of the Cumberland seam is found throughout this township, but it is not 
generally as thick as at points farther east. It is, however, well devel- 
oped in some portions of the township. Going west or south-west from 
Newburg, we find the summit at the cross-roads about three hundred 
and seventy-five feet, by barometer, above the level of the Duck Creek 
bridge. A geological section in that neighborhood gives the following 
strata : 
Ft. In 
1. Summit at cross-roads. 
Zp INOCISKPOSC Ceili ercess ei ucianstectesciecsunmee ies accu lanes saentee eis Manta aeran Wiraee 67 0 
3. Limestone, with one layer of porous, buff color ............ PS aA 6 0 
Ara Sanadstones andi shales er eaeeeweceesncetaceececatray secu ce neste ek eeae eee ane 53 0 
Sie Coal Cumberland! seam reece eiaitieoueenetand ceuecer cecetae eee eaeeae 0 4 
6. Clay, i silos voeasee wore cecelecusendclessacecesleconeecsutieeOnc aaNet 2 0 
7. Coal i SOA Wega wg osbeie eocealee es aero eee Gea UL NNR LEI aun ee 3 6 
83; Sandstones;and! shalesicsiu.ccctesir ewer ceteed. Ganseeeiencbaccmeneursaen amamins 70 O 
9. Limestone group, partly buff (not measured). 
The place of the Pittsburgh, or Pomeroy seam of coal, is below the 
limestone group—No. 9 of the section—but no trace of it was there seen. 
The Cumberland seam has been opened on the land of John McGuire, 
who, at the time of my visit, some years since, was mining about two 
hundred bushels a day for the supply of oil and salt works in the valley. 
At Kieth’s Mills, section 18, the coal is found to have rapidly dipped to 
the south and south-west. Here the coal is three and a half feet thick, 
and about forty feet above the bed of Olive Green Creek. Twenty-four 
feet above the coal, three feet of buff limestone were seen. The coal is 
mined to a considerable extent for local use. On the land of William 
Taylor, section 15, the coal is six feet two inches, a fine development. 
On Big Run, six miles above its mouth, Jacob Cassel has obtained coal 
by stripping, and reports it from five to six feet thick. Further down, 
on section 26, the coal is only three feet to three and a half feet thick. 
The dip of the coal is about equal to the fall of the stream from Mr. Cas- 
sel’s down to its mouth. About two miles above the Muskingum the 
limestones over the coal mostly disappear, and are replaced by a heavy 
sandrock. 
OLIVE TOWNSHIP. 
This township lies north of Jackson and east of Sharon. It is trayv- 
ersed by Duck Creek, and contains a large area of rich valley land. Cald- 
well, the county seat, is near the northern line of the township. The 
Cumberland seam of coal is found on all the high hills, but generally 
somewhat remote from the valley of Duck Creek. 
