514 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
Olive township, it having dipped below the surface. It is brought to the 
surface again in the center of the Newell’s Run uplift, in Newport town- 
ship, Washington county. It has a very wide range through the Second 
Geological District. There are two seams of coal which often accompany 
it, one a little above and the other a little below. Sometimes we find 
only one of these, but the regularity of the limestone and its parallelism 
with the leading seams of coal in the district are to be attributed to its 
relation to these two proximate seams of coal. Its regular position in 
the stratigraphical series is rather a borrowed one from the seams of coal. 
Being thus regular it forms a good datum line for stratigraphical meas- 
urements. 
This limestone is seen at many points in the valleys in Olive town- 
ship. A mile, perhaps, east of Caldwell it is in a double form, as follows: 
Ht. In. 
1 eile a2 Ls ere Re NPC a ASIN) MINN PH a Sa UST cen Se aS Onn) 
2. Gray tossiliferous) limestone ever cccosctocetceocceteoceceuen ste eeeteateme ce 0 10 
BK MS AN ASTON ee ee Se aise aes cena CUR RU ESHEETS A Og 0 10 
A”) /Blue ‘clay shale woes cc ck a iunacauescceces chose tosccitact eteneldeas cence meerenta: Lysis 
5. Blue fossiliferous limestone ............«. ilar de sciee dslal Soe bee Mae anyone TRS aN 0 8 
6.) Blue calcareous shale josie neue ete cecanerec coueelanemontacee cceane ue aan aan 6 0 
7 COU O76); | RELA REE eee ae eee eo ee egg MAN A aud 0 4 
Sa Wand erclay ee iicwuedscueccersedsmscioaecuaeeecdeanuatievactede side weer ane cetirem ante 2 0 
Below Caldwell comes in a stratum of sandrock ten feet thick, which 
is quarried for building purposes. This is below the limestone. In the 
bank of a stream west of Caldwell, on the farm of Hon. A. Simmons, we 
find some limestones and shales, with a little iron ore. The section is 
as follows: | 
le) Limestone iwathyinterstratitied clays susccsscscdseeetcecneeeeter tess iresaceee 13 0 
2. MRE cla shalennecs ves. ccslacccssesetsnoseteieanenenccseacciiedaretiesesioateeanttecmnene 9 0 
30) Nodulansiderite Ore... .cosccecseccessoscecuinceucricescsctonenccracecean cee saeanmecercat: 0 4 
4. Reddish clay shale, with scattered nodules Of OFe ..............sce0eeeees 10 0 
Bed of stream. 
Nothing was seen in this township of the Pomeroy seam of coal, the 
place of which is about ninety feet below the Cumberland seam. 
At the village of Olive a salt well was bored in 1814, which, in its out- 
bursts of gas and outflow of petroleum, presented phenomena of great 
interest, attracting no little attention. Dr. Hildreth, in the Geological 
Report for 1838, writes that “the discharges of gas are tremendous, throw- 
ing the water all out of the well to the height of thirty or forty feet. 
These eruptions are attended by a flow of petroleum, which for the first 
few years amounted to from thirty to sixty gallons at each paroxysm, 
-and returning at intervals of from two to four days. They are now less 
