614 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
outside of the county limits, but there are several summits within the 
boundaries that would vary but very little from these figures : 
Feet 
Bort Hall, aboveitide watersiec a iii hCG i By ontisnb Ul ial neti ite Mau ua seu eet 1285.5 
Byington* (railroad grade) above tide water.............c00.secses scores ER GOXO 
Latham,* SON UIT EAA iG MA aN RAs 631.0 
Hill south-east of Latham, ey aS Mac Au etsy atte RANGA ce Na Aaa 1224.0 
Shepherd’s Mountain, between Cynthiana, and Latham (by barom- 
ELE) s MoOVve tid Oxwaters sie ssicclsseasccuce Mes eal it Uma aes aeals AI neal een lamer 1170.0 
Scioto bottoms at Jasper, above tide water ............000 sssscssss sesear seoeee eve 566.0 
JOG HE ENESCO SCHON) ENE DEINE OP i hs edosnononode ddutod doc Bobb Gaboas 533.2 
Jasper Knob, SENT ai Vip aM Sich soar ieaTae Pane ah ak cea at 1193.6 
Painter’s Knob, ante: hoG966 boaKioa-cdAdau000 cadadoabo oSoa96 606 1196.5 
Piketon* (railroad grade at depot), above tide Water ..........00..ssceee seesee 578.0 
Riley’s Mountain, Jackson township, above low water of Scioto (about) 575.0 
is ee ts above tide water (about)............ 1150.0 
Low water of Scioto on north line of county, above tide water (about) 575.0 
Low water oi Scioto on south line of county, above tide water (about) 500.0 
A range of about eight hundred feet is thus shown to exist between 
the lowest and the highest land of the county. The greatest vertical 
range in any one neighborhood, however, as has been already intimated, 
is found in the hills bordering the Scioto valley. The summits near 
Jasper—Painter’s Knob and Jasper Knob—which lie within two or three 
miles of the Scioto, rise to a height of six hundred and thirty-three and 
six hundred and thirty-one feet respectively above low-water mark. 
II. GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE. 
The geological range of the county exceeds the vertical range above 
named by at least fifty per cent. In other words, the aggregate thick- 
ness of the different strata shown in the county is not less than twelve 
hundred feet, the difference between these figures and the vertical range 
above named being accounted for by the dip that prevails. 
The appended diagram represents the general composition of the ge0- 
logical series of Pike county. It will be observed that the scale is exten- 
sive, not only in absolute thickness but in the variety of formations 
comprehended within it. It is scarcely inferior in either respect to that 
of any county in the State. (Figure 1.) 
A brief description of the different members of the series will now be 
given. | 
1. The lowest rock, geologically speaking, in Pike county, is found 
upon its western border. At a few points in the deeper valleys of this 
portion of the county, and principally in the valleys of the Sunfish and 
