638 | GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
tility is shown by the luxuriant forest growth with which they are cov- 
ered. There is no finer timber produced in the State than the hills of 
Pike county supply. The variety is large, embracing poplar, hickory, 
ash, walnut, and oak. The flanks of the hills are covered equally with 
the summits. 
A notable difference will, however, be observed by even a casual ob- 
server between the northern and the southern slopes of the hills. This 
difference is shown not only in the amount but also in the kinds of tim- 
ber produced. It depends on physical conditions altogether, the two most 
prominent being the following: Our heaviest rains coming from the 
south, wear away the forming soil from the sides of the hills against 
which they beat; and, in the second place, the action of the sun is far 
more powerful on southern slopes than on northern, reducing the moist- 
ure of the soil very often below the limit which vegetation generally re- 
quires. The kinds of timber, as intimated above, are found to vary very 
much in the different exposures. On the south side the same trees are 
found growing that have already been named as characteristic of the slate 
soils. On the summit of Windle’s Knob, one of the high points of the - 
county, five miles west of Waverly, and on its northern slope, the follow- 
ing varieties of trees were counted within the area of forty square rods: 
"RED OMAK Fee Cocatecee este ae see sea e eee rela ee aca ce ee ae eae an ane Quercus rubra. 
f BA1K@2 OKO tail 00-10 <hr a eR Oe a SN tian See Ree Quercus acuminata. 
CERESTIN UR OAR sere c cate ece us oine as Cauda ae erat ee eae en Quercus castanea. 
CUES TIN UTE eee eee oo. ec SLUR nae, Simona at arcreneam eae Castanea vesea. 
BGAICK MIA: NUR or deeasbs bosses Gout arise mame too nn eee amen Juglans nigra. 
FAMOKOR Ve prvceeys ARE fe tgicd aoa ANCE Cauioh area aN ae a Ree SH SBE E SR Carya alba. 
BT Ui VASE ic croc sacpeuenenten daca SSRs CHER) sonal cay aie, Neil Fraxinus quadrangulata. 
BTA Ce MMOCUST cee cslessnwhecctiacs cate tennenetonresn cue cecmeueetetes Robinia pseudaeacia. 
IREDBUD tikes ctuecevertaciecscen coeuenecmcceurn soitunesis ecter sieemees Cercis Canadensis. 
IDOE NVOOIO) soocer oosded dooods PA ERE rer Scr Queena SORA MOSEL Cornus florida. 
IBASSWOODS OF LANs Gel fre stellovaemereoncetaaanem ane nea: oe ememeies Tilia Americana. 
PH RSTMM ONG: ot nheabs vactlcsarseonts Gist ct tettenNnae teaser ena sienet ame Diospyros Virginiana. 
Like all the other lands of this part of Ohio, these Waverly soils’ are 
generally subjected to a rude and exhausting system of tillage; but 
wherever an exception is made to this rule the lands yield a generous 
return. One or two farms in Pebble township, near the little village of 
Buchanan, give a hint of the possibilities that are latent in these up- 
lands under wise husbandry. There is no defect in them, let it be re- 
peated, in natural composition or constitution. Under proper treatment, 
they make the business of agriculture a living business for the tiller of 
the soil, while at the same time they beeome more and more adapted to 
the work required of them. 
