44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
more likely to be affected if planted on sod than were it to follow 
clover, some small grain or even corn. Badly infested land can be 
cleared to a considerable extent by pasturing with hogs. Professor 
Forbes records one case of where a 10 acre lot was pastured for 
20 days with a lot of hogs, and at the end of that period there was 
a reduction of about 86% in the number of grubs. June beetles 
deposit their eggs by preference where there is a surface growth of 
vegetation, consequently cornfields kept free of weeds in June are 
much less attractive to the beetles than weedy areas, hence clean 
cultivation may be considered an important factor in avoiding 
injury. Fall plowing is another measure which should be mentioned 
in connection with clean culture, since it is now well known that 
many of the pests in badly infested fields can be destroyed in this 
manner, provided they are in their pupal cells. This treatment ap- 
pears to be fatal alike to pupae or recently transformed beetles. 
Owing to the triennial life cycle this measure would be most service- 
able the fall before the beetles are most abundant; namely, at three 
year intervals. — | 
White grubs are occasionally found inflicting serious damage to 
cultivated crops such as strawberries. One of the best methods 
of fighting the pests under such conditions, if labor is not too 
expensive, is to simply dig out and destroy the grubs. A little 
experience will enable an intelligent man to go over a large field 
in a comparatively short time. White grubs in nursery beds, as 
noted above, may be fought in the same way, or if the insects are 
too abundant and the area too large, resort may be had to treatment 
with a kerosene emulsion. The standard formula should be diluted 
with about six parts of water and the ground on either side of the 
affected plants thoroughly wet with the preparation. This should 
preferably be done a little before a rain or else followed with a 
liberal watering with a hose. The latter application washes the — 
insecticide down and brings it into contact with the grubs. This 
method has proved very successful in killing white grubs in lawns 
and should be equally effective in the nursery row. Some care 
should be exercised not to put too much of the mixture about the 
plants, as kerosene injudiciously used is very dangerous to plant 
life. Under certain conditions it may be advisable to take ad- 
vantage of the beetles swarming in trees at night, from which they 
may be jarred and destroyed in large numbers. Many are also 
attracted to lights and could be destroyed in trap lanterns, but 
ordinarily these two latter methods are not to be recommended for 
our conditions. 
