42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
life cycle of the June beetle extends over several years. The in- 
vestigations of Dr S. A. Forbes, State Entomologist of Illinois, 
who has given particular attention to these pests, show that the life 
cycle extends over a period of three years. He calls attention to 
DoS aiken Wokye Ware Ibo nen NlSlolOmina wuleaiwris Lit, 
completes its life cycle in three years if the season be moist and 
favorable, whereas under adverse dry conditions the period may be 
extended to four years, and adds that this European pest has a 
four year period in the north of Germany and a three year period 
in the south. He is inclined to believe that our American species 
may show similar variations in habit. He states that all of our 
more abundant species begin to transform to the pupa in June or 
July, changing to the beetle in August of September and then 
remain in the larval cell till the following March, April or May. 
This data goes to show that white grubs occurring in the earth later 
than the middle of September will not change to beetles that year, 
but under ordinary circumstances winter as grubs and continue their 
destructive work till the following June. This point is of particular 
importance to the owners of infested fields, since an examination of 
the land. in the middle of September should enable them to deter- 
mine with reasonable accuracy the danger of injury by these pests 
the following year. It is well known that the adult beetles feed 
upon the foliage of a variety of trees, and there are a number of 
records showing severe injury, not only to forest trees but also’ to 
fruit trees, in which latter case the blossoms may be seriously dam- 
aged. Professor Forbes’s observations show that the beetles remain 
in the grass fields during the day and that at about dusk there is a 
simultaneous movement of the beetles from the field to the forests,, 
they returning again in very early morning, ordinarily before 4 a. m. 
Ancther species, known as the green June beetle or fig eater, 
Allorhina nitida linn. deserves notice in this connection, 
because though southern in distribution, it occurs on Long Island, 
occasionally in great abundance. This grub closely resembles, in a 
general way, our ordinary white grub, except that it is somewhat 
more hairy and it may be readily distinguished from our more 
common species by its peculiar method of locomotion. These grubs, 
when moving, turn upon the back and progress in a peculiar un- 
dulating manner by successive contractions of the body segments. 
This larva, according to Dr Howard, unlike the northern forms, 
frequently emerges from its burrows at night and apparently is not 
very injurious to living plants, since it has been found to be excep- 
