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REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1907 33 
|beneath the skin around the blossom end of the apple or at a point 
jwhere two apples touch each other, producing an irregular sunken 
jarea covered by the unruptured yellowish or yellowish brown skin 
‘of the apple. This species rarely penetrates the fruit to the depth 
‘of half an inch. Its operations may continue till late in the season, 
‘considerable injury occurring even after the fruit has been barreled. 
The observations of Mr Fred Johnson show that this species was 
|locally quite as abundant and destructive to apples at North East, 
‘Pa. during 1906 as the codling moth. It also worked upon the 
domestica variety of plums. The larva resembles very closely that 
of the codling moth larva and may be distinguished therefrom by 
‘the peculiar comb-like structure, visible with a magnifying glass, on 
|the posterior extremity. It is probable that thorough spraying for 
‘the codling moth will control this species very largely. A detailed 
account of this insect is given by A. L. Quaintance in Bulletin 68, 
part 5, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agri- 
culture. 
Apple maggot or railroad worm (Rhagoletis pomo- 
piel a Walsh). The work of this native, widely distributed pest 
lappears to become more apparent from year to year in New York 
State at least, and in some localities this species has been responsible 
for serious injuries. The parent insect is a blackish, two-winged 
| fly about the size of our common house fly, and conspicuous because 
| of its white banded abdomen and the black bands across its other- 
| wise nearly colorless wings. This insect appears in early summer 
and deposits its eggs under the skin of the fruit after making a 
| small incision. The wound soon closes and becomes almost in- 
visible, while the young maggot, hatching from the egg, grows 
| slowly, maturing more rapidly as the fruit ripens. The maggots 
-are so active in the latter stages that fruit apparently sound one 
| day may be literally honeycombed by the pests on the next. This 
is particularly likely to occur in the case of well ripened sweet 
| apples. This species manifests a decided partiality for early apples, 
some varieties being very badly infested. The presence of the 
maggots seems to hasten ripening of the fruit, which latter usually 
drops, and the pests escaping therefrom enter the soil and complete 
their transformations therein. Breeding continues till late in the 
| fall, the insects wintering under ground as pupae. ‘This insect 
not only attacks the early sweet varieties, but it is also occasionally 
injurious to the more valuable winter apples. The injury to these 
| latter is not usually nearly so pronounced and, as a rule, is indicated 
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