6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
as beneficial in checking certain other insect pests and fungous 
diseases. We have steadfastly insisted that it was wiser to use 
some such material than to employ the more easily applied mineral 
oils or preparations of the same, known as miscible or “ soluble” 
oils, because the latter, under certain conditions at least, may 
Seriously, imyune the trees, his thas beens done inetiemacesomla 
determined effort by certain parties to boom oils and oil prepara- 
tions as the most available remedies for San José scale. Despite 
the fact that these last named materials are valuable under certain 
conditions, it remains true that we must still rely in large measure 
upon the lime-sulfur wash for the control of this pest. Our con- 
servative recommendations, we believe, have deterred many from 
seriously injuring valuable orchards by making injudicious use of 
the more dangerous oil preparations. 
The operations of the grape root worm in the Chautauqua region 
have been observed during the season and, in our judgment, there 
is a marked improvement oyer the conditions of earlier years. 
This change is partly due to the higher price of grapes and the 
consequent better care and fertilization given the vineyards, though 
it is possible that natural conditions have been of material service 
in reducing the numbers of this pest. It is still true that this enemy 
is abundant in certain limited areas, and danger of serious injury 
to vineyards here and there is by no means past. 
Shade tree protection. Continued devastations by several shade 
tree pests have necessitated the giving of considerable attention 
to this phase of economic entomology. A bulletin on the white 
marked tussock moth and the elm leaf beetle, our two most in- 
jurious species, was issued in May and a number of warning 
articles sent to the press throughout the State. The general result 
has been exceedingly beneficial and much interest has been aroused. 
The agitation of earlier years secured the appointment of a forester 
by the city of Albany. This official was placed in charge of the 
trees, and the spraying with poison resulted in marked benefit, 
despite the hindrances incident to work of that character. The city 
of Troy, through municipal agencies, accomplished considerable 
along this line. It is only a question of a few years before a 
number of other cities will be compelled, by the severity of insect 
‘epredations, to adopt some protective measures or lose many 
valuable trees. The experience of the last decade has demonstrated 
beyond all question the possibility of protecting our trees from 
injuries by such leaf feeders as the elm leaf beetle and the white 
