200 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
been gathering specimens whenever I had opportunity, and 
studying life histories whenever other more insistent work 
would allow. In previous reports I have published more or 
less complete life histories of a number of crane 
flies with descriptions and figures of the imma- 
ture stages. I wish to add at the present time 
the description of another larva, and of two 
new species, a preliminary list of the species of 
New York State, a key to our genera, and a 
study of the wing venation of the family. 
Crane flies. are doubtless familiar to everyone, 
although, perhaps, to some, under other names. 
Figure 5 illustrates the form of the more 
familiar species of the field and meadow. 
“Daddy longlegs ” they are called by some, but 
this name is applied indiscriminately to almost 
any other long legged insect: “ Gallinippers”’ is 
perhaps a local name, heard more commonly 
westward than within this State. Time was 
(and that recently too) when marvelous tales 
of the biting powers of bottom land mosquitos 
WOO jOKOVEC IY WEKSPEMCS WO Ae SIZe OF WRe 
“ gallinippers ” that could be pointed out in the 
infested districts; but that was before the recent 
awakening in the study of mosquitos had made 
everybody able to distinguish them from crane 
flies. The smaller crane flies are, indeed, mos- 
quitolike in form, but easily distinguished by 
Hoeke Surber, (Ceriain aAcliblle Craime wes ere 
provided with a long beak but it is apparently 
not used for biting. None are harmful to man 
in the adult stage. 
Economic importance. As larvae a consider- 
able proportion of the group lives in the water; 
many live in wet soil and mud; some live in 
meadows and pastures; and a few live in- wood. 
It is in the two last named groups that are found 
the species that are injurious to man’s interests. 
The larvae of the meadow inhabiting species 
4h 
Fig. 7 Pupae of Tip- 
ula flavicans. (Re- 
print from N. Y. State 
Mus, Bul. 68) 
are known as “ leather jackets” or “ meadow maggots.” They bur- 
row in the soil and destroy the roots of grasses, and when they 
