210 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
All stages are found together on the piers. The eggs are laid 
in the soft spots in the old wood, where the surface of the pier 
is kept wet, but not continually covered by water, in the zone of 
the “skin algae.” The larvae live exposed or thinly algae covered, 
and crawl about slowly over the wet surface. They are greenish 
in color and very inconspicuous. In a cavity among the stems of 
the dwarf mosses! in a crevice at the upper limit of the wet area 
the larva spins about itself a sheet of tissue and fastens bits of 
moss stems and leaves to its outside, | fig. 9] and transforms inside 
the tube thus formed into a pupa. The tube is longer than its body, _ 
and the pupa moves in or out at will, doubtless by the aid of the 
hooks at the ends of its body. 
The larva measures in total length Io to 15 mm, according 
to the state of extension of its body, and its diameter is, cor- 
respondingly 1.5 to 2 mm. It 1s 
cylindric, abruptly tapering pos- 
teriorly on the last abdominal 
segment. The head is wholly 
retracted within the swollen pro- 
thorax: extracted therefrom, the 
head shows a broad middle pale 
yellow band, and its sides are 
black from the base of the an- 
tennae backward. The labrum 
is transversely oval, with a mar- 
gin of close set scurfy hairs. The 
clypeus is one fourth broader 
than the labrum, yellow with 
parallel sides, but emarginate on 
the front for the reception of the 
labrum, there are three recurved 
stout setae on the lateral margins 
of the clypeus. each side, and one 
on each angle and two upon its 
disk. — 
There are no legs, but there is 
a scurfy pubescent creeping fold 
on the under surface of the meso- 
and metathorax and a similar 
one on the first abdominal segment: and there are much larger, 
transversely placed, muscular, scurfy-skinned creeping ridges on 
the under surface of abdominal segments 2-7 toward the front of 
* These mosses were kindly named for me by Professor Barnes of Chicago 
University, as Bryum binum Schoeb. var. varium Lindb. and A m- 
blystegium orthocladon Lesg. and James. 
