REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 225 
at its tip it is forked, and its short divaricated branches have the 
appearance of cross veins. Sc’ joins the costa directly, and Sc? 
(the so called subcostal cross vein of some systematic dipterol- 
ogists) joins radius. Specialization affects the subcosta very 
differently in different groups of crane flies. In some (Lim- 
nobiini, etc.) the apical fork becomes strongly fixed in the posi- 
tion described so as to maintain a deep furrow all the way to 
the stigma. In some (Pedicinii, etc.) Sc? migrates backward to- 
ward the base of the wing [see pl. 24, 25] and in some there is a 
marked tendency for one tip or the other or even the whole of 
the subcosta to atrophy (Rhamphidiini, etc.). 
The radius is the strongest vein of the wing. It is typically 
five branched, the sector being dichotomously twice forked. 
This is the condition seen in Macrochile [pl. 14, fig. 1], Idioplasta 
fine randumlanvdentisn (phe t4 nes 2h a Usually the 
number of branches is 
reduced, and when re- 
duction occurs it follows 
aenditterent: method) im 
the two families of 
Ghanem iicswee Meenewlety= 
chopteridae, fusion pro- 
ceeds faster in the up- 
Or UO Or WAS Gacwore, 
byeins R* and R° remaining cananatic aie wens IRe ancl IR? 
have fused, as seen in Ptychoptera and Bittacomorpha [pl. 15, 
ng. 2 Bil, Smace Wis ww WHS leneNnIOR Ou WS Secor Weeks 
characterizes all the brachycerous diptera, and since crane flies 
belong to the nematocerous division, its occurrence here is 
somewhat surprising. In nearly all Tipulidae fusion proceeds 
faster in the lower fork of the sector, veins R* and R® 
remaining longer separate. [here are, however, a few genera, 
scattered among the various tribes,as these tribes are at present 
constituted, in which there is considerable variability as to the 
nature of the forking of the sector. The apparent exceptions 
to the rule just stated for the Tipulidae proper, occur in Pedicia 
[pl. 26, fig. 1] and Amalopis [pl. 25, fig. 2] of the Amalopini. 
In Molophilus [pl. 22, fig. 6] and Conosia [pl. 21, fig. 5] of the 
Eriopterini, and in Rhicnoptila [pl. 30, fig. 5] of the Limno- 
philini. Indeed, in Amalopis inconstans, and in Rhic- 
noptila wodzickii, and probably in others of these forms, 
both types of forkings may be found in a single species. This is 
8 
Fig. 14 | 
