io, TERR. A STUDY OF ALASKAN NEEDLECASES—BOAS. 333 
double walrus head at the top. It would seem that in most of the 
specimens the tusks have been broken off. In fig. 5 the small knobs 
under the lower end of the tusks may be observed quite distinctly. 
In this specimen traces of the vertical forked lines bordering the 
middle field also remain. In these three specimens the 
middle concave face is quite distinct. In figs. 2 and 4 
of the same plate two specimens are represented which 
combine a modification of the lower end of the needle- 
case with that of the upper end. At the lower end a 
seal head is represented at one side, as in the specimens 
previously discussed, while in the upper end the double 
walrus head is found. In these specimens also the 
middle concave face is well marked, although in fig. 4 
it is not bordered by an incised line. 
The next group of modifications of the old type of 
needlecase follows out the same direction as those just 
described, the flanges being modified so as to represent 
an animal on each side. A specimen of this type is 6-9:~NEEDLE 
5 ‘ CASE (ROYAL 
shown in fig. 9, where a walrus with head stretched — gruyoa. Mus, 
forward is shown. The tusks touch the upper end of BERN, No. 
’ IV A 5491). 
the tube, while the two flippers are shown at the lower 
end. ‘Two seals are shown in the same position in fig. 10 and on 
Plate XXVIII, fig. 7, while two quadrupeds occupy the position of 
the flanges in figs. 1 and 6 of Plate XXVIII. In fig. 4 
of the same plate the quadrupeds appear doubled; 
and in fig. 8 the seals have so much increased in size 
that they occupy the whole side of the needlecase. 
However, in this case also, the close relation between 
all these types can easily be demonstrated by an ex- 
amination of Plate XXVIII, figs. 4 and 7, which 
retain all the characteristic traits of the simple type. 
The two animals in fig. 6 of this plate seem to repre- 
sent lemmings. They are placed somewhat differently 
from the ordinary form of the flanges, but are evi- 
dently developed from forms lke these shown in 
figs. 1 and 7 of this plate. A specimen in which the one 
side of the needlecase retains the ordinary shape, while 
the opposite side of the flange has been transformed 
into an animal, is represented on Plate XX VI, fig. 8. 
Fig. 10.—NEEDLE- 
CASE (ROYAL 
ErHxog. Mus, In this case also it would seem exceedingly difficult 
BERLIN, No. 1V. 6 5 : 
‘A 2991). to interpret the simple geometrical form of the needle- 
case as a later development from the animal represen- 
tations here discussed. In this case, similarities of the decorative 
designs on the tubings would be entirely unintelligible, while the 
assumption that the animal forms have developed from the geomet- 
