no. 1630. JHWISH CHREMONIALS—ADLER AND CASANOWICZ, 719 
crackers, the “ bread of affliction,’ * a piece of roasted meat, usually 
the bone of a lamb, representing the Passover lamb; bitter herbs, 
usually horse radish (maror), in commemoration of the “ embittering 
of life” which Israel suffered in Egyptian servitude; ° a roasted ege, 
in memory of the festal sacrifice (hagigah) offered in the Temple; 
a compound of almond, apples, and sirup, which has the color of 
brick clay (Aaroseth), in commemoration of the labor of brickmaking 
the Israelites performed in Egypt ° and into which the bitter herbs 
are dipped before they are partaken of; green herbs—parsley or 
lettuce (Karpas)—as the “ food of poverty;” a cup of salt water, in 
which the green herbs are dipped to represent the hyssop dipped in 
the blood of the Paschal lamb.? There are, besides, wine in cups or 
glasses for each at the table, as everyone assisting at the celebration 
is supposed to partake of four cups of wine. 
The service begins with kiddush, as on Sabbath and other festi- 
vals. The family then sits down and the hagadah, 1. e., narration, | 
consisting of an account of the sufferings of Israel at the hands of the 
Egyptians and their miraculous deliverance by God, accompanied 
by psalms and hymns, is recited. At appropriate passages of the 
hagadah the articles mentioned above are partaken of, symbolical 
ceremonies performed, and the evening meal is eaten. 
74. Lirurey or THE Passover MEAL, hagadah—In Hebrew and 
Spanish, with maps and illustrations. Printed in London, 5573 A. M. 
(1813 A. D.) During the semiritual meal of the Passover feast, 
called seder, the hagadah, 1. e., narration, consisting of an account 
of the sufferings of Israel at the hands of the Egyptians and their 
miraculous deliverance by God, is recited, accompanied with psalms 
and hymns. Dimensions, 94 inches by 7? inches. London, England. 
(Cat. No. 217678, U.S.N.M.) | 
75. Lirurcy or THE Passover MEAL (hagadah).—The same as No. 
74, (Cat. No. 3691, U.S.N.M.) 
Lent by Hadji Ephraim Benguiat. 
76. Two CUSHIONS, USED TO LEAN UPON AT THE PASSOVER MEAL, OR 
sEDER.—Made of green silk and richly embroidered in gold and silk, 
in Samacov, Bulgaria, in the eighteenth century. Length, 19 inches; 
width, 162 inches. Plate LX X XII, Cat. No. 154600, U.S.N.M.) 
Lent by Hadji Ephraim Benguiat. 
77. Kwrr AND BASIN, USED FOR THE ABLUTION AT THE PASSOVER 
MEAL, OR SEDER.—Gilt bronze repoussé and cased work. Height of 
ewer, 13 inches; diameter of base, 7 inches; height of basin, 43 
inches; diameter, 144 inches. (Plate LX XXIIT, Cat. No. 155178, 
U.S.N.M.) Washing of the hands (netilath yadayim) by pouring 
water over them is observed by the Jews before prayer and before 
¢Deuteronomy xvi, 3. ° Exodus i, 14. ¢Ibid., 14; v. 7 ff. 4% Ibid., xii, 22. 
€ See p. 715. 
