60 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
converted into phosphates, in which form it is generally depos- 
ited in the bones.”’ 
B.—Acid-forming Elements. 
The acid-forming elements or ions have necessarily, to some 
extent, been discussed above, as there have not been enough 
experiments to ‘‘pick out,’’ so to speak, the therapeutic action 
of the acid from the base. 
Arsenate waters are not common, though a small quantity of 
arsenic in water might make it a valuable remedial agent on 
account of its action as an alterative. According to Doctor An- 
derson,” ‘‘Arsenical waters have proved highly beneficial in irri- 
tative dyspepsia, chronic gastric catarrh, gastralgia and entral- 
gia. Jaundice with catarrh of the bile ducts and chronic cir- 
rhosis of the liver are improved by these waters. The waters 
are highly extolled in chlorosis and anemia, chronic malarial 
toxeemia, hemicrania, and malarial neuralgia, and in cutaneous 
diseases, scrofulous sores, and syphilitic contaminations. The 
skin diseases most benefited are the chronic scaly variety —es- 
pecially psoriasis, eczema, pemphigus, and old ‘cases of acne. 
For these diseases the waters containing both iron and arsenic 
are especially serviceable, taken one hour after meals. Menor- 
rhagia and functional impotence are also improved by a course 
of these arsenated and chalybeate springs, with wholesome food 
and free outdoor exercise.’’ Arsenical waters would be most 
naturally found in mineral localities where such metals as anti- 
mony, copper, bismuth, cobalt and nickel occur. 
Borates occur abundantly in the waters from some locali- 
ties, and they are found in small quantities in brines and 
associated with alkaline waters. Borax or sodium borate is the 
combination usually reported. In California large quantities 
are obtained commercially. The water may be used in ‘‘renal 
and vesical catarrh depending upon the uric acid diathesis.”’ 
It has also been found useful in clergymen’s sore throat, allevi- 
ating the inflammation, and strengthening the vocal cords. As 
a gargle the water is very useful. Boric acid and borax are 
27. Mineral Springs and Health Resorts of California, page 26. 
