110 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
These teeth will then set upon the core and hold it rigidly, al- 
lowing it to be broken off and raised to the surface. 
Next in order above the core-lifter is the cove-barrel, which 
consists of a hollow rod, with the opening sufficiently large to 
allow the entrance of the core, and is as long as it is desirable 
to have the feed, which may range from two to ten feet. Occa- 
sionally, when especially friable and soft strata are worked, to 
prevent the breaking off and consequent wearing away of the 
core, an inner core-barrel is inserted, which is provided with 
ball bearings at the top and bottom ends. Into this inner 
casing the core is pushed, and by means of light springs it is 
supported and partially protected from the wash-water, the 
greater part of which passes on the outside of the inner casing. 
By this means complete records are often obtainable, which 
would otherwise be partially destroyed, the exact amount worn 
away not being known. 
Method of Operation of Diamond Drili.i—The drill having been 
set up in the position desired, and a shallow opening or hole 
made, the proper length of the rod is added and lowered into 
the hole. Power is then turned on and the feeding begun ; 
the full advance being made, the rod is raised and the core re- 
moved. ‘This operation is repeated until the required depth is 
reached or reaming is necessary. After a certain advance has 
been made, another section of rod must be added. ‘The char- 
acter of the cuttings is noted and the cores are preserved, 
which will constitute the log of the well. 
An increase or decrease of the water escaping from the hole 
furnishes important information as to the character of the water 
met. When hydraulic waters are met, it is quite often the case 
that no water need be fed to the rod, the hole being kept clean 
by the rising of such waters. In such instances the quality of 
the water is, of course, readily determinable. 
Description of the Calyx Drill—The large calyx drills are 
driven by horse or steam power. A light yet strong derrick is 
erected above the well, at the top of which a sheave is placed. 
From this sheave the drill-rod is suspended by block and tackle, 
