330 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
Springs are usually merely superficial phenomena, while 
wells, as a rule, especially mineral wells, extend to and often 
through several unaltered formations, thus drawing their sup- 
ply from the vadose or deeper-seated superficial waters. | 
From the depth of many of the wells discussed in this re- 
port, it is evident that they are receiving their waters from sur- 
face accumulations of eroded and disintegrated formations. 
They cannot, therefore, be said to exist in any geological forma- 
tion, but have been located geographically by geological areas. 
