PESTICIDE SECTION 
(Insecticides, Fungicides, Fumigants, Vermicides, Weed Killers, 
Spreaders, Stickers, Emulsifiers—Pages 50 to 66.) 
The sources of information and recommendations in 
connection with insect pests and diseases given in this 
catalog are the State Experiment Stations, The Kilgore 
Seed Company Laboratory, our technically trained 
field men, and many members of our store personnel 
who have had years of close contact with agriculture. 
Every attempt has been made to provide such in- 
formation in a plain and simple form for the benefit of 
our growers. As, however, constant changes are taking 
place in the field of pesticidal problems because of new 
insect pests and diseases and the introduction of new 
pesticides, it is difficult to keep an annual catalog 
strictly up-to-date. We therefore invite you to contact 
our field and store men. They will be glad to assist 
you whenever you are facing new problems. 
The use of pesticides is now just as necessary as that 
of fertilizers and various modern cultural practices. 
Many factors are involved in the use of pesticides in 
relation to results desired, such as the choice of proper 
pesticides for the control of different diseases and in- 
sects, and the time and method of application. One 
cannot expect satisfactory control with poor or wrongly 
timed applications. Too often the grower waits until 
the disease or insect has too much of a start before 
spraying or dusting. This usually is more expensive 
than starting off with a regular spray or dust program 
and keeping it up to prevent diseases and insects. He 
not only has to use excessive amounts of sprays or 
dusts to get control, but he also suffers considerable 
crop damage. As a rule, it is much cheaper to use a 
combination spray or dust when one must contend with 
both insects and diseases, as one application may do 
both jobs. Most insecticides and fungicides are com- 
patible and can be used together in sprays or dusts. 
Although we manufacture numerous combination 
dusts, only the more important are listed in this cata- 
log. If you do not find the combination listed which 
you want, write to The Kilgore Seed Company, Plant 
City, Florida, or call at any of our stores. 
With the aid of newly installed mixing and blending 
equipment in our Plant City factory, you can be as- 
sured that you will receive fresh and perfectly blended 
dusts formulated to meet your particular requirements. 
Only high-grade technical materials are used by us in 
producing the various pesticidal compositions that you 
may desire. 
SANITATION—Serious losses may result from neglect 
of a few simple rules. Diseases will spread readily 
from sick to healthy plants by various means, depend- 
ing upon the nature of the disease. Spores of many 
species of fungi are air- or wind-borne, others may be 
scattered over fields in rain or irrigation water. In- 
sects, particularky those of the sucking type, such as 
aphids and thrips disseminate diseases. Certain cultural 
operations, such as pruning, picking, transplanting, etc., 
may scatter diseases, especially those caused by bac- 
teria and viruses (mosaic being a specific example of 
the latter). 
Considering methods of infection, it becomes obvious 
that the source of the disease should be destroyed. 
Affected plants, as well as decayed fruit, should be 
removed from the field and burned. Cultivation should 
be clean and frequent. Mechanical injury to plants by 
plowing, spraying or picking operations should be 
avoided as much as possible. Crop rotation is essential, 
provided that no other crop affected by the responsible 
diseases is grown for several years. This method often 
proves cheaper than an attempt to control the disease 
chemically. As weeds serve as host plants to many 
inscts, which may be carriers of fungi, viruses and 
other undesirable organisms, the necessity for their 
eradication certainly becomes evident. Whenever 
practical, soil moisture should be kept fairly constant. 
Corrective measures should be adopted where soils are 
either too acid or too alkaline. 
MOSAIC—Mosaic disease is caused by virus organisms 
in the sap of the affected plants. The viruses may be 
transmitted in various ways from diseased to healthy 
plants. Insects undoubtedly play an important part in 
the transmission of the disease, although it may be 
spread by other means, such as pruning operations, 
bruising of plants by workers or mechanical equip- 
ment, picking fruit, the use of tobacco and by other 
means. 
The symptoms of mosaic vary slightly in different 
plants, but in general, certain broad characteristic in- 
dications can be noted in most all infected plant types. 
There is usually a stunting or dwarfing with accom- 
panying pattern of light-yellowish areas merging with 
green patches, giving a “mottled” effect. Often there 
is a roughening of the surface, producing, in some 
cases, a warty appearance. Edges of leaves may cup 
downward. The fruit also may be mottled and warted. 
Mosaic has become costly and destructive on many 
crops, especially peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers and 
squash. This disease apparently does not carry over 
in the soil, provided cover crops are turned under long 
enough to be decomposed before planting. It is carried 
from season to season in wild host plants (weeds) in 
and around the field, and is transmitted to the plants 
in the field by insects, particularly aphids and thrips. 
Pepper and tomato seedbeds should have clean culti- 
vation two or three weeks before planting the seed. 
The seedbeds should not be close to ditch banks or 
fence rows, unless the weeds near the beds are de- 
stroyed. Smoking or other use of tobacco should not 
be permitted while working in the seedbeds or handling 
plants. Tobacco mosaic has been known to be carried 
on tobacco. If plants become affected with mosaic in 
the seedbeds, do not set them in the field. Once the 
plant gets the disease there is no known cure. 
The State Experiment Stations recognize the severity 
of the problem and they are now very much engaged 
in the attempt to develop effective control measures 
by chemical or biological means. A serious effort is 
also being manifested in the development of resistant 
varieties of various vegetables commonly susceptible 
to virus diseases. In the event of success, such new 
varieties would hardly be available commercially for 
several years, and we would again like to stress the im- 
portance of sanitary practices and effective insect and 
weed eradication as the only means of crop damage 
reduction at the present time. 
50 THE KILGORE SEED COMPANY, Florida’s Leading Seedsmen 
