caught in Sagami Bay, Japan. Since then it has 
been caught off Madeira and off Norway in deep 
water. It reaches 1.5 metres in length. 
Heptranchias deani (Jordan & Starks) 
** Edo-aburazame "7 
PL, V, fig. 4. * 79 
Length of body equal to 6 times that of head; 
length of head 1'/, times that of width of body 
at pectorals, 4% times that of eye, and 3*/, times 
that of snout. 
Body very elongated sub-eylindrical, and but 
somewhat depressed in front; tail compressed, 
and tapering. Head elongated, compressed ; snout 
produced, compressed, bluntly pointed at tip; eye 
very large, without nictitating membrane; mouth 
large, sub-inferior, triangular; no labial fold. Teeth 
of the two jaws dissimilar; those in upper jaw 
sharp, long, pointed, hooked backward, without 
lateral cusps; a median tooth at symplysis of 
mandible with two or three small eusps on each 
side; teeth in mandible 4 on each ramus, each 
tooth with serrated cutting edge composed of 6 or 
more cusps; spiracle small, Gill-openings 7 on 
each side, dorsal fin single, and small, most of its 
parts located before origin of anal; caudal very 
long, with a terminal notch. No pit at root of 
eaudal. Colour greyish-blue above, white below. 
It reaches 1 metre in length; not rare on the 
coasts of southern Japan. 
Heterodontus japonicus (Duméril) 
** Nekozame "7 
à PL. V, fig. 5. ۰ ½ 
Length of body equal to 6 ½ times that of head 
and 6 ½ times that of its depth; length of head 
equal to 5'/, times that of eye and 1% times 
that of snout. 
Body very thick, heavy, and compressed anterior- 
. Head 
-]y, tail somewhat slender and rounded 
broad, deep, oblong, and elevated; snout very 
blunt; teeth trieuspid in front, becoming posterior- 
ly molar-like, and very strong; lips very thick, 
fleshy, with a deep fold at corners of mouth. 
Back of body and top of head rough. Fins large; 
first dorsal fin inserted immediately behind root 
of pectoral fin; first and second dorsals each with 
a strong, sharp spine in front; length of base of 
anal fin 1'/, times as long as distance from caudal 
fin. Colour pale brown, darker above, with six 
to seven deep brown cross bands. Reaches 900 
mm. in length. Common in southern Japan. Ovi- 
parous, the horny egg-cases being very large, 
ellptieal, sub-conieal, and spirally twisted. Not 
good as food. 
Heterodontus zebra (Gray) 
** Simanekozame "7 
PL. V, fig. 6. x!/ 
Length of body equal to 5 times that of head; 
base of anal fim about twice as long as distance 
from caudal fin. Length of snout about equal to 
3 times that of eye. Body very stout and hcavy 
like that of Heterodontus japonicus (Duméril) ; 
supraorbital ridges low, being gradually obliterated 
on sides of oeeiput; snout very blunt. Spiracle 
small and situated under posterior margin of eye, 
mouth with deep labial fold at its corners, First 
dorsal fin inserted above middle portion of base 
of peetoral fin; both dorsal fins very high and 
their height about twice that of their base. Colour 
reddish-brown with about 30 dark brown cross 
bands, which are alternately arranged in broad 
and narrow ones, 
It ranges in distribution from the waters of 
southern Japan to China and the East Indies. 
Eptatretus burgeri (Girard) 
"* Mekura-unagi ” 
PL. V, fig. 1. * 
Length of body from 3% to 8 ½ times that 
of head. Body eel-shaped, with six gill openings 
on each side. Mouth provided with eight bar- 
bels, the outer ones being the longest. About 11 
upper teeth in mouth. Dorsal and anal fins well 
developed at end of tail. Body light brown in 
colour, it reaching a length of 300 mm. Common 
on the coast of southern Japan. Breeding takes 
place in early summer; eggs large and elliptical, 
each enclosed in a horny case at each end of which 
there are numerous short filaments ending in an 
anchor-like extremity. 
Entosphenus japonicus (Martens) 
* Kawa-yatume '' 
PL. V, fig. 2. * 
Total length of body equal to 10 times that of 
head ; length of head 1 / times that of its greatest 
depth and 1 / times that of snout. Body eel- 
shaped, sub-cylindrical anteriorly, but compressed 
behind, mouth nearly cireular and suctorial, armed 
with epidermal horny teeth, the supra-oral lamina 
forming a long, crescentic plate, with a cusp at 
each end, infra-oral lamina with six to eight sharp 
cusps, lateral lamina with three teeth on each 
of which in turn has two cusps; tongue with 
nine eusps; lips fringed. Dorsal fins entirely 
separated from each other, eyes developed in adult, 
gill openings 7 in number, nostril single, on top 
‚of head just in front of eye. 
Blackish blue above, paler below, tail darker, 
dorsals edged with pale colour. This species 
reaches 300 mm. in length. 
The young of this fish undergoes the remarkable 
metamorphosis known scientifically as ammocoetes, 
the fish in this state being usually toothless with 
the eye rudimentary. It attaches itself to stones 
or fish, feeding on the flesh of its vietims, which 
it serapes off with its rasp-like teeth. 
At the spawning season the fish go up the 
brooks, after doing which most of them die. This 
species is chiefly found in the rivers and lakes 
along the coast of the Japan Sea, 
Chlamydoselachus anguineus (Garman) 
“ Rabuka ” 
PL. V, fig. 3. * 75 
Length of body equal to 7 ½ times that of head 
and 12 5 times that of depth of body; length of 
head 8 ½ times that of eye, and 4 times that 
of snout, 
Body very long, sub-cylindrical, becoming a 
trifie thicker anteriorly, the tail being compressed 
and gradually tapering. Head rather small, greatly 
depressed, width greater than height. Eye small ; 
nostrils large, nasal cavity being separate from 
the mouth. Mouth very large, anterior, and jaws 
sub-equal j teeth tricuspid, similar in both jaws, 
.13-0-13 
11-1-11 
very large, oblique, narrowly separated from op- 
posite ones on throat. Scales small, and sharp, be- 
eoming a little enlarged along lateral line. Dorsal 
comparatively small, its posterior extremity ex- 
tending as far back as that of anal. 
Caudal with broad lower lobe, tapering to a 
sharp point. Colour uniformly dark brown, darker 
at thin margins of fins, This species was first 
described by Garman in 1884 from a specimen 
in formula. Gill-openings six in number, 
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