Colour light-brown above, paler below; fins grey 
and mostly with lighter outer edges. Oceurs in 
southern Japan, its range extending to the Indian 
Seas. Not found abundantly in Japan. 
Scoliodon acutus (Rüppell) 
"7 Tograri-hiragasira ” 
PL. VI, fig. 4. * 7 
Length of snout / longer than gape of 
mouth and somewhat equal to distance between 
eye and fist gill-opening. Groove at angle of 
mouth does not extend on to upper jaw. ‘Teeth 
on both jaws without serration, oblique, and with- 
out swollen base. Length of base of anal fin one 
half its distance from yentral, or a little less; 
pectoral fin extends to below origin of first dorsal 
fin, its posterior margin being concave; second 
dorsal fin small and situated over posterior half 
of anal fin. Total length equal to 3'/, to 32, 
times that of caudal fin, Colour is grey above, 
white below ; upper edge of caudal and its pos- 
terior lobe dark. Found in Southern Japan, its 
range extending to India, 
Prionace glauca (Linné) 
** Yoshikirizame ” 
PL. VI, Fig. 5, x!/, fig. 6. (Young) & /, 
Length of body equal to 5½½ times that of 
head, and 4 times that of its depth; length of 
head 1%ñ times that of snout and 57/, times 
that of eye. 
Body and head slender and spindle-shap:d ; 
snout very long and pointed. Mouth erescent- 
shaped, without any labial fold except a groove 
at the angle; lower teath narrower than upper 
teeth, teeth in both jaws strongly serrated in 
adult, those of upper jaw oblique. Spiracle ab- 
sent. First dorsal large, inserted midway between 
the axle of pectorals and ventrals; second dorsal fin 
much smaller, and somewhat smaller than small anal 
fin; pectoral fin long, and faleiform. Viviparous, 
bringing forth about 60 young ata birth. Colour 
blackish blue above, paler below. Maximum length 
6 metres or more; yery common in the waters 
of Japan. 
Carcharias japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel) 
** Mezirozame ** 
PL. VI, fig 7. — x", 
Length of body equal to 5% times that of head and 
7 tim.s that of its depth. Body somewhat elongated: 
head very broad and depressed: snout rather 
short, somewhat broadly rounded. Teeth in both 
jaws finely serrated, but entire in the young, those 
of upper jaw rather broad, and compressed ; those 
in lower jaw more elongated and narrower than 
those in upper. No spiracles. First dorsal about 
midway between tips of snout and origin of second 
dorsal; second dorsal small, low, mueh nearer to 
origin of first dorsal than to tips of caudal fin; 
anal small; pectoral falcate. Caudal peduncle 
above with deep pit at caudal. Colour bluish-grey 
above, white below. Viviparous, bringing forth 
about 18 young at a birth. Maximum length 2 
metres or a little more, This species is common 
throughout Japan, extending its range to the 
Indian Seas. 
Cynias manazo (Bleeker) 
“ Hosizame " 
PL. VI, fig. 1, * 75 
Length of body equal to 6 ½ times that of head 
and 11% times that of its depth; length of head 
4*/, times that of eye and 31 times that of snout. 
Body slender, with somewhat elevated back in 
front; tail long and tapering. Head depressed 
and broad, elevated behind; snout strongly de- 
pressed, and greatly produced. Eye elongated, 
and lateral; mouth obtusely angular with fold ده‎ 
each side; teeth small, and arranged pavement- 
like in many rows. Spiracles small, very near 
posterior margin of eye. First dorsal larger than 
second, nearer to origin of pectoral than to that 
of ventral; origin of second dorsal nearer to that 
of first dorsal than to tip of caudal. Colour 
greyish-blue, paler below upper surface of 
head and body, also along lateral line marked 
with small, round, white spots. Greatest length 
1.5 metres. 
This species is very abundant in the shallow 
bays of southern Japan. Its flesh as food is 
superior to that of the othar sharks of Japan. 
Viviparous, giving birth to young in the spring. 
Triakis seyllium Müller & Henle 
* Dotizame ” 
PL. VI, fig. 2, x"; 
Length of body equal to 6?/, times that of head 
and 8?/ times that of its depth; length of head 
2 1 times that of snout and 6۷ times that 
of eye. 
Body elongated, with elevated back the tail 
being s'ender and compressed. Head depressed, 
eye small, lateral, with nictitating membrane ; 
mouth large and crescent-shaped; teeth sub-equal 
in both jaws smsll, numerous, sharply pointed, 
and trieuspid ; labial fold at corner on each side, 
Spiracle present, but very small. First dorsal 
large and a little nearer to origin of second dor- 
sal than to tip of snout. Body dark greyish- 
brown, with ten or more indistinet broad blackish 
eross bands, and in the upper part there are a 
number of scattered indistinctly defined, blackish 
spots. Greatest length 1.5 metres or a little 
more. It is found in the estuarine waters of 
soathern Japan, but is not very common. Vivi- 
parous, young about 20 in a litter. It is not so 
Lasty as Cynias manazo (Bleeker). 
Scoliodon walbeehmi (Bleeker) 
** Hiragasira " 
PL. VI, fig. 3. x Js 
Length of snout exceeds width of mouth by 
nearly '/,. A remarkable groove at corner 
of mouth extends on to upper jaw and along a 
portion of mandible. Nostrils rather nearer to 
mouth than to end of snout, the distance between 
their outer elges being equal in extent to that 
between them and end of snout. Teeth flat, with- 
out serration. Pectoral fins extend to nearly be- 
neath middle "of first dorsal fin, its posterior edge 
being somewhat concave; second dorsal fin, situated 
over last half of anal fin, rather small, its pos- 
terior lobe being elongatel and pointed, 
Length of base of anal equal to ?/; of its 
distanee from base of ventral; total length of 
fish is equal to 3'/, times that of caudal fin. 
ESVE F 1125 
Seoliodon acutus (Rüppell) 
GEAMA HMI) ` ۸ 
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