Body moderately elongated; head broad, de- 
pressed, flattened above; snout angular when 
viewed from above. Mouth very broad, a deep 
labial fold at each corner; teeth alike in both 
jaws, subquadrate, each with a nearly horizontal 
oblique cutting edge and a point directed out- 
wards. Gill openings in front of base of pectorals. 
Spiracle rather wide, just behind eye. Dorsal 
spines strong, not grooved; origin of first dorsal 
spine a trifle nearer to top of snout than to that 
of second dorsal; caudal broad; caudal peduncle 
rather long, with a pit at caudal base above. Anal 
fin wanting. Colour blue-brown above, white 
below. Length one metre. Found off coasts of 
Japan, generally common from Hokkaido and 
as far southward as Formosa; not so abundant as 
Squalus suckleyi (Girard). 
Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 
* Hige-tuno-zame " 
PL. VII, fig. 5, ENG 
Length of body equal to 4*/, times that of head 
and 5 % times that of depth of body; length of 
head about 5 times that of eye, and 3 times that 
of snout. 
Body somewhat trihedral, robust, gradually 
tapering behind, deepest part being in region of 
first dorsal fin. Head large, and flattish; eye 
without nictitating membrane; spiracle present, 
directly behind eye, crescent-shaped ; snout short, 
and pointed; mouth a little arched ; labial fold on 
upper jaw distinct but short; teeth in both 
jaws sub-equal, directed obliquely outwards, two 
rows visible from outside, one median tooth; a 
long nasal cirrus from inner edge of each nostril; 
gill-openings entirely in front of pectoral. Dor- 
sals two, each with a strong spine in front; first 
dorsal inserted nearer to pectoral than to ventral ; 
second dorsal equi-distant from ventral and root 
of caudal; anal fin absent; caudal fin without a 
notch; no pit or keel on tail. Colour brownish- 
blue above, white below. Length 1.5 metres. 
Found in southern Japan, but not common. 
Isuropsis glauca (Miiller & Henle) 
** Aozame ” : 
PL. VII, fig. 6. ð „V 
Length of body equal to 2 % times that of head 
and 4?/, times that of depth of body; length of 
Ade 3% times that of snout and 10 / times that 
of eye. 
Body fusiform, much like that of the tunny; 
snout longitudinally produced and pointed at tip; 
teeth in four rows very long and flexuous, with- 
out basal cusps. Spiracle very small. First dorsal 
fin inserted between pectoral and ventral; second 
dorsal, anal and ventrals very small. Back and 
upper half of body are of a dark blue, white 
below. This shark attains a length of 7 metres, 
abundant on the coast of Japan and to the south- 
ward. Viviparous. The fish of this species are 
oceanie dwellers of wide distribution. 
Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre) 
** Nezumizame ”’ 
PL. VII, fig. 7, a 
Length of body equal to 4% times that of 
head and 4 times that of depth of body; length 
of head 3 / times that of snout and 7 times that 
of eye. 
Body short thick and high in front, becoming 
narrower near tail, on sides of which there is a pro- 
minent longitudinal keel; snout conical, pointed; 
each tooth 
۲ -14 
mouth wide; teeth large, 10.14 
with one or two basal cusps. Gill openings very 
wide and, spiracle minute. First dorsal fin begins 
over the axile of pectoral; pectoral fin faleate ; 
second dorsal and anal fins very small, nearly op- 
posite each other. Colour bluish-grey. A large 
and fieree pelagic shark reaching a length of 3 
metres. Frequents North Atlantic and North 
Pacific ` not common in northern Japan. The '' por- 
beagle," as the species is commonly called is vi- 
Een, bringing forth four or five young at a 
irth, 
Alopias vulpes (Gmelin) 
۶۹ Onagazame ” 
PL. VII, fig. 1. * 
Length of body equal to 5 ½ times that of head 
and 4 % times that of depth of body; length of 
head 2*/, times that of snout and 7 times that of 
eye. 
Body fusiform, thickest before first dorsal fin. 
Head very short, bluntly conical; mouth crescent- 
shaped; teeth equal in both jaws, flat, triangular, 
and without serrations. Eye without nictitating 
membrane; spiracle very small, just behind eye, 
First dorsal high, triangular; second dorsal very 
small; anal small, placed behind second dorsal; 
E long, falcate; caudal nearly as long as 
0 y. 
Body blackish-blue above, white below, marked 
with dark bluish spots. Length 6.5 metres, This 
species abundant in all warm seas, being common 
all along southern coast of Japan. Viviparous, 
alınost regularly bringing forth 2 young at a 
birth. Period of reproduction lasts from spring 
to early summer. Its flesh as food is conside 
a table delicacy in Japan. t 
Sphyrna zygaena (Linné) 
** Syumokuzame ” 
PL. VII, fiz. 2. x 
Length of body equal to 4% times that of head 
and 5 times that of depth of body; length of 
head 6 times that of eye, 
Head hammer-shaped its width being about twice 
its length; length of hinder margin of the “ ham- 
mer’’ nearly equal to width of near eye; anterior 
and posterior outlines of hammer nearly parallel. 
Eyes receded at the lateral extremities of ‘‘ham- 
mer” ; nostril being anterior and close to eye and 
with a well-developed groove which runs along 
nearly whole front margin of head. Mouth eres- 
cent-shaped under °“ hammer ” ; teeth of both jaws 
similar, oblique, each with a notch on the outside 
near base. Spiracle absent. First dorsal large, 
second dorsal quite smaller than anal fin; pectoral 
rather large; pit at root of caudal fin, which has 
a single notch towards its tip. Colour brownish- 
grey. A large voracious shark, found in all warm 
seas, reaching a length of 5 metres, 
Cetorhinus maximus (Gunner) 
“ Ubazame ”” 
PL. VII, fig. 3. * 7050 
Length of body equal to 4% times that of head 
and 4% times that of depth of body; length of 
head 4 times that of snout and 10% times that 
of eye. ۳ 
Body somewhat fusiform; head small; snout 
bluntly pointed ; eye very small, without nietitating 
membrane; spiracle very small, above corners of 
mouth. Teeth very small, conical and without 
cusps cr serratures, arranged in 6 or 7 rows in 
each jaw, about 200 in number in each row. Gill 
openings extremely wide, extending from back 
nearly to middle line of throat; branchial arches 
provided with a broad fringe of long and 
thin gill rakers. First dorsal large, triangular, 
over space between pectorals and ventrals, second 
dorsal and anal fins very small; pectorals long, 
caudal fin with a notch near tip; a pit on caudal 
peduncle; a keel at the each side of tail. Largest 
shark, reaches a length of nearly 12 metres, Found 
in the Aretie Seas and occasionally off northern 
Japan. Lives on weak, tiny floating organisms 
known as planktons. These sharks are ealled 
Basking sharks from their habit of remaining 
motionless on the surface of the sea, 
Squalus mitsukurii Jordan & Snyder 
*Tunozame ” 
PL. VII, fig. 4, * 7 
Length of body equal to 4% times that of 
head, head 1*/, times that of width of head and 
2?/, times that of snout; length of interorbital 
space 2?/, times that of eye, 
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