They breed in the Winter or in the early Spring. 
The period of gestation is about a year. A single 
calf at a birth; the young when bora is 6-7 
metres in length. (Fig. 3.—From Dr. N, Taka- 
hashi’s sketch,) 
Balaenoptera borealis Lesson 
** Twasi-kudira ” 
PL. II, fig. 4. * 0 
Form rather more slender than that of former 
species, generally reaches a length of 12 to 14 
metres maximum size belng 16 to 17 metres. 
Throat plaits very few, only ten furrows being 
counted. 
Dorsal fin situated in front of vertical line of 
anal line. Colour bluish-black above, and white 
below. The part from throat to pectoral portion 
is milky-white with oblong shape. Pectoral fins 
blackish-grey on both sides. Baleen blvish-black. 
Their range is world-wide, Best hunting ground 
in Japan is area off coast of Kinkwazan, Miyagi 
Prefecture. This species seems to fe»1 entirely 
on Crustancea, chiefly little Copepod, Calanus and 
Euphausia. 
It produces a single calf at a birth; the young ` 
when born, is 5 metres long. (Fig. 4.—From Dr. 
N. Takahashi’s sketch.) 
Balaena glacilis Bonnaterre 
“ Semi-kudira " 
PL. 1], fig. 5. x Yeo 
Body large; head enormous, more than one- 
third length of body. Upper jaw slightly ۰ 
Baleen long and black, with laminae 360 in number. 
They are finer and longer than those of other 
whales. No throat plaits and no dorsal fin. A 
very singular feature of this species is the so- 
called ** bonnet," which is a horny, irregular mass 
growing on the snout. Spiracle also elevated. 
Colour of body black, but with white spots ‘on 
tne throat and pectoral fins. Baleen also entirely 
black. 
It inhabits the North Pacifie Ocean. It is said 
that this species was at one time, i.e. nearly 50 
years ago, abundant off the northern coast of 
Japan. But owing to the activity of the whale 
fishery carried on since the last part of the previ- 
ous century by foreign vessels, this species of whale 
has now become scarce. 
Rhachianectes glaucus (Cope) 
** Ko-kudira ”’ 
PL. II, fig. 6. X OH 
Body large; upper jaw moderately curved; 
throat plaits reduced to two in male and to three 
in female. Dorsal fin none; pectoral fins ovate, 
short, and broad. The length of a full grown ex- 
ample is 13 metres on the average, but, generally, 
the female is much longer than the male, being 
more than 15 metres in length. Body dark slate 
with mottled grey. Baleen nearly white in colour. 
This species is limited so far as is known to the 
Pacifiz coast of North America and the Sea of 
Japan. It spends the Summer months in tb» Sea 
of Okhotsk and de:cends southwards at the begin- 
ing of Winter, into the warm: seas. The first 
whales of the season begin to pass Urusan, 
Korea, on their way southwords, from Nove ber 
to January; and again they migrate northwards, 
passing through the same area of the sea in May. 
They feed chiefly upon small shrimps, crabs, and 
sea-cucumbers. 
Megaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre) 
“ Zatö-kudira ۳ 
PL. II, fig. 1. تي‎ 
Body large; head flat; lower jaw being longer 
and projeeting beyond upper jaw; has a wart like 
protuberanee on head and lateral sides of body. 
Throat plaits not so many; 14-34 furrows are 
counted between the pectoral fins. Pectral fins 
long and narrow, longer than quarter of body 
length. Dorsal fin not very prominent, and faleate 
in form. Colour of body black above, white below, 
and under sides of pectoral and caudal fins also 
white. Baleen entirely black, with 540 laminae 
in number. The whale reaches a length of 13— 
14 metres. 
This whale inhabits Atlantic as well as Pacific 
Ocean. Apparently, this whale spends the Winter 
in the warm seas between the coast of Kii Pro- 
vince and of Formosa; and migrates northwards 
in the Summer into cold waters, off Kinkwazan as 
far as Hokkaido. This species feeds upon small 
Crustacean and Fish. The flesh is esteemed as food 
in Japan, and good oils are obtained from its 
layer of fat. 
Balaenoptera musculus (Linné) 
** Sironagasu-kudira ”’ 
PL.JL figs 2, X 7120 
A huge animal reaching a length of 20—25 
metres, rarely of 30 metres. This is the largest 
of the whales, and indeed of all living animals. 
Body elongated; head little shorter than ¼ of 
whole body. Pectoral-fins large, about 15% of 
total length of body. Dorsal fin situated on pos- 
terior pcsition of anal-line. Longitudinal folds in 
throat region up to 50—60. Colour grey slate 
above, white below. Baleen black and long and 
triangular in shape. 
Their range is world-wide. In Japan, this species 
is found more abundantly on Pacifie coast than in 
Sea of Japan and of Okhotsk. The whale migrates 
into northern regions near Hokkaido in Summer ; 
and spends the winter in the warm seas near the 
southern Pacific coast of Japan. It feeds upon 
Crustacea; mainly, it appears, upon a species of 
Euphausia. 
A single calf at a birth is born in the early 
Spring; the young when born is 6— metres long. 
Balaenoptera physalis (Linné) 
** Nagasu-kudira ” 
PL. II, fig. 3. x Yo 
Body of this species much more slender than 
that of former; generally reaches a length of 0 
metres, sometimes of 26 metres in the largest 
specimens. Pectoral fins falcate and pointed, their ` 
length being about 12% of the whole length. 
Dorsal fin faleate, and bent backward; being 
situated behind anal line. Total numbers of lon- 
gitudinal folds in throat region estimated at more 
than 100. Colour bluish-blaek above, white below. 
Baleen and bristles dark-grey with mottled yellow 
and white. 
Their range is world-wide. The best hunting 
ground in Japan is the sea off Kinkwazan, Miyagi 
Prefecture. It is stated that a shoal of several 
hundreds are often met with, off the above coast. 
The whales of this species are the most numerous 
in Japanese waters. 
The food of this species cosists of surface ani- 
mals, namely Calanus, Euphausia, Herrig and 
Sardine, ete. 
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