Hymenophysa curta (Temminck & Schlegel) 
** Ayumodoki ” 
PL. XV, fig, 4. x و2‎ 
Bir X. T. 
Body elongated, eompressed, length equal to 3.6 
times that of head, and to 4 times the depth. 
Mouth small, situated inferiorly, and surrounded 
by 6 barbels. Body covered with small scales. 
Back dark-blue, mottled with dark blotches. The 
fish attains to 150 mm. in length. It oceurs in 
Lake Biwa, near Kyöto, preferring muddy bottoms, 
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor) 
DI Dozyó ” 
PL. XV, fig. 5. x1 
D. 9; A, 7 to8; seales 1/3 to 154. 
Body elongated and eoverel with small scales. 
Mouth small and surrounded by ten barbels, four 
of which belong to the mandible. Dorsal and 
anal fins short; caudal rounded. Back is dark- 
brown, irregularly sprinkled with black spots; 
abdomen yellowish. It attains to 200 mm. in length, 
and to a weight of 40 gr. ; male is always smaller 
than female. Spawning season is from Spring to 
Summer. Lives in fresh-water lakes or streams 
on shallow muddy bottoms throughout Japan. 
Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 
** Simadozyó ’’ 
PL. XV, fig. 6. x1 
D. 8; A. 7. 
Body elongated, compressed, length equal to 4.7 
times that of head, and to 6 times the depth. 
Mouth small and adorned with six barbels. There 
is an erectile spine below the eye; body is covered 
with small seales, Back is yellowish-brown, abdo- 
men white, dotted with blaek spots along side 
and also on dorsal and caudal fins. Body attains 
to 100 mm. in length. Spawning season is June. 
It is found in fresh-water throughout Japan. 
Saurida argyrophanes (Richardson) 
«i Ma-eso ” 
PL. XV, fig. 7. xs 
D. 11; A. 10; scales 54, 
Length of body equal to 4% -4'/, times that 
of head, and to 7 to 9 times depth of bcdy ; body 
elongated, eylindrieal; head long and depressed, 
mouth large, oblique with lateral cleft; teeth in 
jaws and on tongue small, numerous; 2 bands of 
teeth on palatines. Dorsal fin inserted nearer to 
tip of snout than to base of caudal and before 
posterior tip of pectoral; adipose fin small, in- 
serted above last ray of anal. Scales rather large, 
ctenoid ; lateral line well developed. Colour of 
body dark-brown on back, belly being yellowish ; 
tips of dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins black sh. 
Grows to 400 mm. in total length, living on sandy 
bottoms about 20-100 metres deep. This and 
several allied species are of very common oceur- 
rence along all the costs of Hondo, especially in 
southern Japan. 
Plotosus anguillaris Lacépède 
“ Gonzui ” 
PL. XV, fig. 1. * 
D. I, 5, 80; A. 68; P. I, 10; V. 12. 
Length of body equal to 3 %% times that of head, 
and to 5*/, times depth of body; length of head 
equal to 7'/, times diameter of eye, Body 
elongated, compressed, trunk thickest in front, 
and tail rather long and tapering. Body perfectly 
smooth and without seales. Head large, broad, 
depressed, when viewed from above ; snout broadly 
rounded and flattened; eyes small, mouth very 
broad; upper jaw the longer; teeth in jaws 
rather few, large, coarse, with blunt ends, jaws 
with 8 barbels, consisting of 2 nasals, 2 maxil- 
laries, and 4 mentals. First dorsal spine very 
strong, its anterior edge serrated above; second 
dorsal and anal fins long and joined to caudal fin. 
Pectoral spine similar in form to that of first 
dorsal, and with outer edge serrated. Colour of 
body dark-brown on back, pale on abdomen, two 
yellow lines along sides from head to caudal por- 
tion. This species abounds on shallow sandy coasts 
throughout southern Japan, its range extending to 
the Red Sea. It attains to about 250 mm. in 
length. It is not esteemed as food, being con- 
sumed by fishermen only. This fish is a nuisance 
to fishermen as its sharp spines are the source of 
much trouble during fishing operations. 
Parasilurus asotus (Linné) 
‘* Namazu ” 
PL. XV, fig. 2. xf 
D. 1, 5; A. 1, 80. 
Body elongated and compressed, tapering towards 
tail; head large, depressed and broad; snout blunt 
viewed from above, Mouth large, with villiform 
teeth on both jaws, which have two pairs of long 
berbels, those of upper jaw being much the longer. 
Jsorsal fin short; anal long, reaching to caudal. 
Body has no scales; lateral line distinct. In colour 
it varies with locality, being yellowish-red, bluish- 
black, yellowish-white or pale-brown, with irregular 
mottlings on the sides. It grows to a length of 
300 to 450 mm, and a weight of 1 kg., it may 
attain 1200 mm. in length and 15 kg. in weight 
but rarely. A valuable fresh-water fish, distributed 
throughout Japan. A very greedy and voraciou 
fish. 
Pseudobagrus aurantiacus (Temminck & Schlegel) 
ee Gigi LEI 
PL. XV, fig. 3. SCH 
D. I, 7; A. 20. 
Body elongated; length equal to 5 times that 
of head, which is broad and depressed ; snout short, 
bluntly rounded when viewed from above. Adi- 
p se fin well-developed ; dorsal and pectoral fins 
with spines anteriorly, that of the latter being 
stronger and serrated behind. Nostrils remote 
from each other, the posterior being furnished 
with a barbel, besides this one three more pairs 
of barbels are present around mouth, one pair being 
on upper jaw and the others on chin. Caudal 
truncated. Body an! head covered with skin, 
smooth and sealeless. Body attains to 300 mm. 
in length and to 150 gr. in weight. Colour is dark- 
brown above, white below. This fish haunts 
shallow fresh-water streams or lakes in Japan and 
spawns in May. lt is a very voracious and car- 
nivorous fish. 
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Misgurnus anguillieaudatus (Cantor) 
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