mm. Colouration is, like that of the fringetail, 
variegated red and white. Owing to the attrac- 
tive shape and beautiful colouration, it is always 
prized in Japan, This gold-fish is cultured only 
by specialists at Köriyama, and in Osaka, 
Carassius auratus (Linné) 
** Demekin," Chinese telescope goldfish 
PL, XVII, fig. 5. x1 
This goldfish is characterized by the elongation 
of the eye-balls which project or protrude either 
laterally or forward beyond the contour of the 
head, Body generally short and compressed; size 
of the fins is similar to that of fringetail. This 
goldfish occurs either in an ordinarily-sealed or in an 
apparently scaleless condition viz. the transparent 
sealed variety ; the latter however, has seales so 
thin and transparent as to be practically invisible. 
Colouration very variable; in general irregular 
blocthes in combinations of red, black, white, blue, 
yellow, orange, gold may be found, and it is also 
often mottled red and white only. Sometimes in- 
tense black uniform colour covers entire body and 
fins with velyety lustre, characteristic of telescope 
goldfish. This goldfish wes brought about 40 years 
ago from China to Yokohama, and bred at first 
by a fancier in Tokyo; at the present time it is 
cultured extensively all over the country. 
Carassius auratus (Linné) 
** Syukin," Fringetail lionhead 
PL. XVII, fig. 6. x1 
This variety came into existence about 30 years 
ago, as a result of the efforts of Mr. Akiyama, 
goldfish-breeder of Tokyo, to obtain a form inter- 
mediate between the common lionhead and the 
Dutch lionhead. Body rounded in form like that 
of the lionhead but somewhat more elongated ; all 
fins very long like those of the Dutch lionhead ; 
back broad, rounded, and finless. Head is almost 
completely covered with wartlike growths similar 
to those of the lionhead. Colour of body variegated 
red and white, of which golden-red may predomi- 
nate. At present, this goldfish is seldom bred in 
Japan. 
Carassius auratus (Linné) 
Syubunkin,“ Calico goldfish 
PL, XVII, fig. 7. x1 
The principal characters of this variety are an 
elongated, eompressed body with long fin rays, 
single anal and caudal fins, the latter being deeply 
forked. The body is covered for the most part 
with transparent thin scales, but partly with bright 
common seales. Colouration of the body and the 
fins is highly variegated, in red, blue, yellow, 
black and white. This goldfish was obtained by 
Mr. Akiyama, a breeder of Tokyo, from the cros- 
sing of tbe wild Crucian carp, Chinese telescope 
and common Japanese goldfish; it has the charac- 
ter of the common goldfish as to shape of body 
and of eye, the latter not produced, and it has in 
addition the variegated colouration, and elongated 
fin rays of the Chinese Telescope. This goldfish 
is eultured extensively in Japan. 
Carassius auratus (Linné) 
“ Wakin,” Common gold fish. 
PL. XVII, fig. 1. x1 
Body elongated, compressed, and all fins short, 
that of eaudal normally double; sometimes it is 
single, This variety is considered the most primi- 
tive form of gald-fish and to be derived from the 
wild Crucian carp, because the shape of body and 
size of fins resemble those of the latter. Body 
commonly mottled with red blotehes or spots of 
irregular shape and unequal sizes upon a silvery 
ground, being often uniform red throughout the 
entire body. This variety, on account of its being 
hardy and easy to raise, is the commonest and 
least expensive gold-fish bred in Japan. The 
matured fish attains normally to lengths of from 
100 to 120 mm. in 3 years. 
Carassius auratus (Linné) 
* Ryükin," Fringetail goldfish 
PL. XVII, fig. 2. xi 
Body short, deep and compressed, all fins very 
long. Characterized hy extraordinary development 
of the caudal fin, which is normally double and 
almost twice as long as the body length; its pos- 
terior margin may be moderately or deeply forked. 
Dorsal and anal fins always present and long. 
Colouration of body and fins variegated brilliant 
crimson red and white, though red may pre- 
dominate. This gold-fish is very commonly bred 
all over Japan, especially in Tokyo, Yatomi (Prov.) 
and Kôriyama (Prov.). 
Carassius auratus (Linné) 
“ Rantyü,” “ Marokko," ''Sisigasira," 
Lionhead goldfish 
PL. XVII, fig. 3. x1 
Body nearly globular in form, with contracted 
length and increased depth and breadth. This fish 
is characterized by absence of a dorsal fin, and by 
the wartlike growth covering almost the entire 
head which is broad and short. Caudal fin double 
and short; anal fin if present is double or single, 
but often absent. Colour of entire body and fins 
commonly red or golden, sometimes variegated 
red and white. This goldfish being very delicate 
and not easy to breed is only cultured by special- 
ists in Tokyo, Osaka, and other cities in Japan. 
This is one of the most valuable kinds of our 
goldfish. 
Carassius auratus (Linné) 
** Oranda sisigasira," Dutch lionhead 
PL. XVII, fig. 4. x1 
Body like that of the fringetail, is short, high 
and compressed, with beautiful elongated fins. 
Dorsal fin present; caudal fin always double, 
broad and gracefully streaming, its length being 
equal to or exeeeding that of body. This goldfish 
distinguished from fringetail by wartlike growths 
on head as has the lionhead. It may be surmised 
that this variety was produced by crossing the 
lionhead and the fringetail, the characters of both 
appearing. It measures normally a length of 100 
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