on. 
broadly edged with black, and tip of tail with 8 
slight white margin. Pectoral dusky with a pale 
edge, Lateral line conspicuous, with small pale 
pores, 38 of them before vent, no white spot any- 
where. This species inhabits southern coasts of 
Japan, and grows to 1.2 metres in length, 
Muraenesox cinereus (Forskal) 
es Hamo LEI 
PL. XX, fig. 5. * 7 
Length of trunk equal to 1 % times that of head. 
Body thick, scaleless, eel-like. Dorsal and anal 
fins well developed, the former beginning at a 
point nearly above gill opening. Mouth very large, 
teeth in jaws enlarged and compressed, long 
canines present in front, vomer with long series 
of teeth, having strong canines in the middle ; 
teeth of outer series rudimentary, not bending 
outwards. Body ashy-grey above in colour, belly 
silvery ; dersal and anal with a broad black margin ; 
pectoral pale, or suffused with a dusky colour on 
under side. It attains a length of 1.6 metres. 
Widely distributed in southern Japan southwards 
to the East Indies, abundantly occurring in muddy 
or sandy bays. It is widely used as food. 
Anago anago (Temminck & Schlegel) 
** Gin-anago ”” 
PL. XX, fig. 6. * 
Length of body equal to from 1/7 to ۵ 
times combined length of head and trunk; length 
of trunk equal to 1% times that of herd. Body 
rather thick; snout short, bluntish; eye very 
large, about as long as snout; cleft of mouth 
reaching about to posterior part of pupil. Dorsal 
fin beginning over pectoral fin. There are 60 
small pores befor the anus. 
Body light or brownish in colour, usually with 
golden metallie lustre; two dark shades behind 
eyes; pectoral fin pale or variously blakish, verti- 
eal fins with broad black margin. It grows to 
600 mm. in length. It is found on all coasts of 
Japan, being especially common in southern waters; 
much used as food. 
Astroconger myriaster (Breyoort) 
“Ma-anago ۳ 
PL. XX, fig. 7. x Ve 
Length of trunk equal to 1?/,, times that of 
head, length of tail is equal to 1°/, times combined 
length of head and trunk. Body eel-like, there 
is no ventral fin and skin is scaleless. Head 
depressed above, anteriorly pointed. Body dusky 
brown in colour, paler below a regular row of 
round whitish spots along sides of back beginning, 
with a median spot, at the nape; these spots 
are found in no other species; lateral line very 
distinct, represented by row of close set white 
pores, about 88 of them before vent. Widely dis- 
tributed throughout Japanese coasts, especially 
abundant in muddy bays. This fish grows to 1.3 m. 
in length, and similarly to the common eels, is 
much esteemed as food. 
* 
Ophichthus asakusae Jordan & Snyder 
'* Dainan-umihebi ’’ 
PL. XX, fig. 8. x! 
Length of trunk equal to 3 times that of head, 
length of tail equal to 1 / times combined length 
of head and trunk; length of head equal to 3 ½ 
times its depth. Body slender, cylindrical, mouth 
moderately large, snout rather sharp; teeth small 
all rounded or granular, in narrow bands. Dorsal 
inserted just before middle pectoral rather high, 
distinetly elevated in front, low on tail, whieh is 
pointed at tip; end of tail projecting beyond dorsal 
and analfins. Body blackish above in colour, paler 
below, with vague pale blotehes on sides, lower 
jaw with several black pores on each side, Sides 
and top of head also with black pores regularly 
arranged, dorsal with a large jet-blaek blotch in 
front. This fish inhabits muddy bays on the Pacifie 
coasts of Japan, and grows to about 500 mm. in 
length; not used as food. 
Gymnothorax kidako (Temminck & Schlegel) 
** Utubo " 
PR XX. ioe: Ce * 7 
Length of body equal to 6 % times that of head; 
head and trunk taken together a little shorter 
than tail. Body stout, not greatly elongated, and 
covered with a thick, leathery skin; occipital 
region elevated owing to development of strong 
museles which move lower jàw; anterior nostril 
tubular, posterior not so, dorsal fin beginning well 
in front of gill openning. Jaws usually narrow 
and armed with knife-like teeth besides molar; 
mandible with about 16 teeth on either side; 
vomer with one row of depressible teeth. Body 
dark brown or black in colour all over, with white 
or yellowish bloteheds or spots closely mixed with 
the dark ground colour. 
Most active and voracious, often showing much 
pugnacity ; lives in shallow waters near rocks and 
reefs on southern coast of Japan. It attains a 
length of 1 metre; is not much used as food. 
Microdonophis erabo Jordan & Snyder 
** Mongaradosi ”’ 
PL. XX, fig. 2. K 
Trunk equal in length to 4% times that of head. 
Combined length of head and trunk is a little 
shorter than tail. Body rather slender; snout 
blunt, triangular, depressed; cleft of mouth ex- 
tending well beyond eye; gill opening and pectral 
small; teeth sub-equal, not very sharp, in a Single 
row above and below; no conspicuous pore on 
head. Dorsal moderate, inserted a little before 
gill opening; lateral line conspicuous. Colour 
brownish-olive, white below; body with large, 
round, brown spots of varying sizes, one large one 
often alternattng with two small ones; largest 
spots about one-fifth of head in size; spots on head 
much smaller, crowded, reducing the pale colour 
to reticulations, these markings faint in smaller 
specimens, Inhabits rocky bays of southern Japan, 
Sé grows up to 600 mm. in length; not used as 
ood. 
Anguilla japonica (Temminck & Schlegel) 
[21 Unagi ” 
PL. XX, fig. 3. ½ 
Length of body equal to 9 ½ times that of head, 
and to 18 ?/, times depth of body, and to 3'/, times the 
length from snout to dorsal. Body elongated, eom- 
pressed behind, covered with embedded scales, 
Head long, conical, moderately pointed, eye rather 
small ; teeth small, sub-equal, in bands on either 
jaw. 
Lower jaw projecting. Body variable in colour 
with age and locality, commonly being dark 
brown or dark blue above, whitish or yellowish 
below, with golden metallic lustre along the 
side especially in Autumn. Widely distributed in 
streams, and lakes and estuarine waters through- 
out Japan. Most voracious fish, and feeds on 
worms, shrimps, and small fish, chiefly at night. 
Spawns in deep sea; in spring enormous hordes of 
young eels known as elvers ascend streams; in 
‘Autumn the adult descends rivers to the sea in order 
tospawn. Female grows much larger than male. 
Females of 700 mm. in length are quite common, 
the maximum having a length of about 900 mm. 
and a weight of 1.8 kg.; males do not exceed 
550 mm. in length. 
This species is nowadays reared on a large 
scale, in fresh water ponds in Japan, the flesh 
when cooked is known as ''Kabayaki" and is 
much esteemed by Japanese. 
Leptocephalus kiusiuanus Jordan & Snyder 
“ Kuroanago ”’ 
PL. XX, fig. 4. x". 
Length of trunk equal to 1'/, times that of 
head; length of tail equal to 1'/, times combined 
- length of head and trunk; length of snout equal 
to 1 */, times diameter of eye. Lower jaw rather 
shorter, snout shortish. Maxillary extending to 
posterior margin of eye. Pectoral fin pointed, 
dorsal inserted over end of second third of pectoral, 
Body dark brown in colour, dorsal and anal 
At b . ARLE Jed: OT Ut R o N D Die 
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Ophichthus asakusae Jordan & Snyder 
(A BAR) * — 
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Mierodonophis erabo Jordan & Snyder 
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