tending to vertical through posterior margin of 
pupil. Mouth rather wide, slightly oblique; teeth 
in jaws and on palatines villiform. Dorsal spines 
inclined alternately to one side of body or the 
other; ventral spine very strong. Seales large, 
with strongly denticulated margin, and an elevated 
ridge ending in a spine; those of ventral strongly 
keeled in middle part. 
Body and fins ochreous-yellow, each seale with 
narrow brown margin forming polygonal reticula- 
tions on body ; sub-orbital and mandibular parts 
dark brown. The fish inhabits shallow sandy bays 
in Japan, attaining to about 120 mm. in length. 
Two luminous organs on mandible are actually 
caused by phosphorescent bacteria living sym- 
biotieally. 
Pseudupeneus bensasi (Temminck & Schlegel) 
** Himedi ۳ 
PL. XXII, fig. 5. x1 
D. VII, 9; A. 7; scales 30. 
Length of body equal to 3'/, times that of head, 
and to 3'/, times depth of body. Body elongated, 
compressed ; mouth rather small, terminal, maxil- 
lary extending beyond anterior border of eye; 
jaws with small teeth; two long yellow barbels 
at chin extending to posterior border of pre-opercle, 
Scales large, slightly ctenoid, lateral line continu- 
ous, high, concurrent with back. Dorsals two, 
well separated, anterior one with weak spines 
graduated in length, the anterior ones generally 
being the largest; second dorsal and anal opposite 
each other. Body bright reddish, two dorsals and 
upper half of caudal with several oblique lines of 
purplish colour. Common in southern Japan. Has 
a fairly good flavour as food. 
Upeneus pleurospilos Bleeker 
'' Takasagohimedi ۳ 
PL, XXI, fig. 6. x1 
D. VIII, 9; A. I, 7; scales 29. 
Length of body 3 times that of head, 2 '/,, times 
depth of body; head 4 '/, times diameter of eye, 
1*/, times length of snout. Body rather thick, a 
trifle elevated at oceiput. First dorsal has rather 
stout spines, of which middle ones are longest, 
second dorsal much lower, with subequal rays, 
opposite anal, to which it is sub-similar in form. 
Barbel beneath mouth short, barely reaching below 
anterior border of eye. Body bright reddish, 
several short lines of azure colour extending through 
eye; soft dorsal and anal with alternate lines of 
reddish and yellowish colour. Occurs rather rarely, 
it is esteemed as fairly palatable as food, 
Upeneus tragula Richardson 
“ Torahimedi ” 
PL. XXII, fig. 7. x1 
D. VII, 8; A. 7; scales 30. 
Length of body 31/, times that of head, 4 times 
depth of body; head 4 times diameter of eye, 
22/, times length of snout. Body elongated, com- 
pressed, upper contour evenly curved, Snout rather 
long, pointed ; lower jaw rather the shorter ; teeth 
villiform, in broad bands in jaws, and on vomer 
and palatines; barbel not extending quite as far 
posteriorly as pre-operele. Colour brownish; a 
brown lateral stripe from snout through eye along 
side of body to base of caudal; vertieal fins pro- 
fusely provided with dark brown spots. Mental 
barbels dark brown. Is a fish found in southern 
Japan, extending southwards to the East Indies. 
Mugil cephalus Linné 
DÉI Bora EJ 
PL, XXII, fig. l. % 
D. IV, 9; A. III, 8; scales 38. 
Length of body equal to 3%, times depth of 
body, and to 4'/, times that of head. Body rather 
elongated, compressed posteriorly, head short, 
broad, slightly depressed, upper profile nearly 
straight, but the lower strongly curved ; eye an- 
terior, high up, with broad adipose eyelids * snout 
short, broadly rounded when viewed from above, 
maxillary entirely covered by pre-orbital, not ex- 
tending to anterior rim of eye. Scales cycloid ; no 
lateral line; each scale with a deep furrow in the 
middle, so as to form lateral streaks. Body indigo- 
blue above in colour, silvery below, several longi- 
tudinal streaks of deep bluish colour. Spawning 
oeeurs in Autumn, and young fry, 50—100 mm. 
in length, ascend brakish water and streams in 
Spring, descending in early Autumn. Huge shoals 
of this fish appear in bays and shallow waters ; 
widely distributed throughout Japanese coast, and 
Sonto 400 mm. in length, It is widely used 
as food. r 
Liza menada Tanaka 
** Menada "7 
PL. XXU, fig. 2. * 7 
D. IV, I, 8; A. III, 8; scales 37. 
Length of body equal to 4'/ times that of 
head, and to b times depth of body; length of 
head equal to 6 ½ times diameter of eye, and to 
3 */, times length of snout. Body elongated, com- 
pressed; caudal peduncle short, high, mueh more 
compressed. The fish closely resembles to Mugil 
cephalus, but is distinguished by its elongated 
body; broadly rounded opercle; shorter snout ; 
larger angle of lower jaw when viewed from 
below ; maxillary being concealed under pre-orbital 
anteriorly, and being posteriorly arched downwards 
and exposed ` reddish lips, ete. Body deep blue 
above, silvery below, base of each seale dark, 
forming longitudinal rows of Spots. Oceurs abun- 
dantly on northern coasts of Japan and measures 
about 500 mm. in length. 
Atherina bleekeri Günther 
“ Togoro-iwasi ”’ 
PL. XXII, fig. 3. x1 
D. VI, I, 10; A. I, 13; scales 45. 
Length of body equal to 4'/, times that of 
head, and 5?/, times depth of body; length of! 
head equal to 3 times diameter of eye, and to 4 
times length of snout. 
Body elongated, compressed, eovered with eyeloid 
scales of moderate size; mouth oblique ; jaws sub- 
equal; maxillaries reaching just past anterior or- 
bital rim. Teeth very small, in bands on jaws 
and vomer. Seales on back extending to posterior 
margin of eyes beyond occiput, a few scales be- 
hind and below eye; seales on back obtusely den- 
ticulated, and broadly edged with blackish or 
dusky colour; this more pronounced on back when 
viewed from above. Top of head and snout black ; 
lateral band silvery, dark above; inhabits warmer 
r of Japan, and grows to about 150 mm. in 
eng th, 
Monocentris japonicus (Houttuyn) 
** Matukasauwo " 
PL. XXII, flg. 4. x1 
D. V, 12; A. 10; seales 18, 2. 
Length of body equal to 2 / times that of head, 
and to 1*/, times depth of body; length of head 
equal to 3*/, times diameter of eye or length of 
snout. Body short, deep, compressed, head large, 
deep, with steep profile; eye large, high, lateral ; 
snout short, with vertical profile, maxillary ex- 
PTE n EL, PRICE ee 
b. Dën TAREA Ne REDE N e وا‎ 
东海 ， JUL ARTES. FACA 2— HORSE 
Lie MO VAIS 6032: 9. 
E 3 3 
Pseudupeneus bensasi (Temminck & Schlegel) 
《第 二 十 二 疗 版 ”第 五 图 ) x1 
D. VII, 9; A. 7; scales 30. 
DOE gno 3 ½ 45, RED 3 [548 1 h. BEE, 
MEL, HERO, JET 0. 3: EFE ROBE 
BEI 9. MICA ND D. Bic 2 ff DU O 
KERD ZUOUMEBO SICH. Make, 
MIE MESE ی و‎ HL WEITE; 
LCHILD. PER 23 EIC LT, Hick < SEI Ln PP ESI 33 
SMETL, 其 最 NH 1 1۴ E RIC BR 2 CEU 
MACHR E WH. BOT IC HET. "Bun 
LAN Kc LT, 23688 LEKE LEE ح|‎ (o 33 
EMEAT. UN HI LT, HE Y. 
S5 1 AEN 2 
Upeneus pleurospilos Bleeker 
《第 二 士 二 图 版 ”第 六 图 ) x1 
D. VIII, 9; A. I, 7; scales 29. 
i HHO 3%, LEO 21/10 Aff, M E KHR G 4 dé 
Af, (1۹/۵۸ 0۰ Summit. AICC 
EICH. EL, ped, 中 部 四 
b DIKEL. SHEETS, Benin Mit 
U, RE CME. TEAM U. MOR 
Si, ۳ ۳۱۲۶۲۰ ELIO, 
Mea Cf D MED b b. ERE EEE E 
RENEE و‎ LC tal, NM EI E ii 
DES ZER 
SE 2 
Upeneus tragula Richardson 
(2 — HHN BLEED x1 
D. VII, 8; A. 7; scales 30. 
AMEO 3'/ d, ESO 4K h. III EN RR (D 
4 4f, WED ۵۴/1 . Bue, M mL. Lat 
ERIC HH ALD. WETE Rd, LBP FRE D SiC 
BL MIER ERIC LT, Al. MEKI HEE CBD. BA 
ORA . iE. REB LT 20 
DEERE X 0303 0, tts conl E D, KAS 
JEKICHET. 3۳۳۹۱5 ADELA. Hio 
NGO. HURTS DC, t dr ةنا‎ Ic K E 
21103. 
A 5 
Mugil cephalus Linné 
(第 二 十 二 图 版 ”第 一 图 ) و2‎ 
D. IV. 9; A, III, 8; scales 38. 
Qo eH gue o 4/4 303%, M E Ine fo 
REDD. ۵۱27, Stutz). HDi oH < 
Wschr. EASA E iN Sh FYE ¢ 
ES hic ë o TE ME HIN T If LAE 
BETE ؟‎ BET. Mid sin < oe LES 
AS ICIS RACER. DEBET AIC LT 
HRD ER CHEE EO HAHN E 
1۱ 0۰ Bex iiit اک‎ LT Ds AEE H. Bot 
WS DN H BED. KEREC T FEIN LIZ 
50 7538 100 fec RES ERA MO 2111 ET. ع‎ 
HOHE E ۷ CREEL MRED OKT HICKS. = 
BE RASA 2 ۸ CHEE UT SMS VD. AT 
N ¢ db LEE 400 ELITES. 
a s+ Ff 
Liza menada Tanaka 
(能 二 十 二 图 版 第 二 图 ) % 
D. IV, I, 8; A. 111, 8; scales 37. 
101 + د خط ]إلا‎ 401% Nan 0 NI 5 I, N I RICO 
6 st, % EO 3 / ED 0. MERIC UR E OIE 
K SE CHUL NEN EL TREE P EIA MU S Af. D 
Ht AIC LLC Lc جز‎ NC فلا دیا‎ | WE 
/ At, عل‎ N POMP BLL 2a, Moye 
PEARL OIC S U At, "Hob با‎ I L E 
* 2 GPITS COE HN NEN ARO 
o. FRECA LC 4f DI Ec NERD 0. 
ERE 560i Wd CHES LOD. Jud 
IC EE LE 500 ftics d. 
۲ 2 4222192 
Atherina bleekeri Günther 
BIER 第 三 图 ) x1 
D. VI, 1, 10; A. I, 13; scales 45, 
DE Oo 4,4%, RED 5 ak, MRI fx 3 
REED 4 18۵ h. ati: PIE IH LC N 
HRH NA FEKE D. ELA nn r 
Säi, HER JIC LC AGRO Ic ds 0. Y nof 
äm vr Wë Ed. BRO RRS EIN 
NEN Uf ser. Sm Xv) , BE ¢, mici 
ROOMS D. AW, ce LAT 
) 150 6۱-3۰ 
-7%473 
Monoecentris japonicus (Houttuyn) 
SITZEN 第 四 图 ) 1 
D. V, 12; A. 10; seales 13, 2, 
REE RO 2 ½ It, MO 1 % , MI N KD 
3 % ۳۲۱ LC MAA رشاع‎ FE (۹ L ， Miki, A 
ML. HRA O. myth hs € JEE ETE 
۱-72۸۲ ۷۰ IAE (BE ECR NZN PES c E 
WSO. Trim Marie 2۵۲۱ جوا‎ DV. aen 
CREE L FIC Hn Lk n Weit Her را‎ tp SHE. 
