Pectorals long, extending beyond the origin of 
second dorsal, 
Seeond dorsal and anal much elongated, the 
tips of thess fins being whitish and reaching 
to base of caudal. Back of body blackish in 
colour, sides greyish, alternately marked with ob- 
lique transverse full and broken lines of silvery 
white. 
First dorsal greyish tinged with yellow; second 
dorsal and anal, ineluding finlets of both fins, 
bright yellow. 
Widely distributed, being found in the Indian 
and Pacific Ocean. Northern limit of distribution is 
ca, 35° N. latitude, but this fish is sometimes found 
in the Japan Sea and off Hokkaido. Found also 
in Hawaiian waters and on South California Coast. 
Largest sp2cimens measure more than 3 m. in 
length, and ca, 200 kg, in weight. Flesh delicate- 
ly pink, firm, and tastes excellent, 
Germo germo (Lacépéde) 
“ Binnaga ” 
PL. XXV, fig. 4. xs 
D, XIV, 14, 8; A. 14, 8; sceles 210, 
Length of body equal to 3 */, times that of head, 
and 37/,, times that of its height; length of head 
equal to 3 times that of snout, and 6 ½ times of 
eye, Body rather slender, head and eye com- 
paratively large, Pectorals very long, reaching 
as far as first anal finlet. Body blackish-blue in 
dorsal part, with a greenish lustre near tail, sides 
and belly being silvery. 
This species is rather small in size, and single 
specimen weighing 25 kg. is rather rare. Very 
widely distributed in the Pacific Ocean; caught 
in the United States of America, and in large 
quantities on the Pacific Coast of Hondo, main 
island of Japan, but there is no record of this 
fish being caught in the Japan Sea, Flesh soft 
and delicate pink in colour, and not much estezmed 
as food in Japan, but the canned flesh is pretty 
widely consumed as ** Tuna” in the United States 
of America, 
Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel) 
** Sujigatuwo ”’ 
PL. XXV, fig. 5, EMA 
D. XIX, 15, 7 to 8; A. 15, 5 to 6. 
Length of body equal to 37/, times that of 
head, and 47/,, times that of its height; length of 
head equal to 3 times that of snout, 7'/, 
limes that of eye. Body elongated and fusiform 
in adult, but a little shorter and compressed in 
young. Mouth wide, maxillary with large eurved 
and compressed teeth, reaching beyond orbit. 
Teeth in jaws more or less unequal in size; about 
16 teeth in upper jaw, and 10 to 13 in lower. 
Back dark-bluish, and sides silvery with 6 to 7 
longitudinal bands on each side. Grows to a 
length of about 800 mm. and to a weight of 1.5 
kg. Flesh rather soft, and inferior in quality. 
Found in southern parts of Japanese waters, both 
in the Pacific as well as in the Japan Sea, being 
especially abundant in Kyusyu. 
Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel) 
"7 Magura” 
PL. XXV, fig. 1. CAE 
D. XIII to XV, 14, 8 to 9; A. 13 to 15, 7 to 8; 
scales 230. 
Length of body equal to 2*/ times that of 
head and that of its height, length of head equal 
to 3?/, times that of snout, and 6°/; times of eye, 
Body plump, caudal portion sharply tapering ; 
peetorals short, searcely reaching origin of second 
dorsal, and tapering gradually towards posterior 
end. . 
Lateral line has sharp peculiar bend over pec- 
torals. Baek of body blackish, shading to greyish- 
blue with metallie reflections in posterior part; 
belly greyish, alternately marked with many pale, 
transverse, and broken lines here plural, Tunnies 
weighing more than 150 kg. are concidered fairly 
large, those weighing 375 kg. are rarely found. 
This is commonest of the species of tunnies occur- 
ring in Japanese waters, and is ardently sought 
after by fishermen. Flesh pinkish in colour, com- 
paratively firm, and not very oily. It holds a 
high rank in food quality, especially in the 
ealder monthes, and its raw flesh is much esteemed 
as “Sasimi.” 
Parathunnus sibi (Temminck € Schlegel) 
* Maguro " 
PL, XXV, fig. 2. x 8 
D. XIV to XV, 13, 9; A. 13, 9; scales 190, 
Length of body equal to 3 % times that of head, 
and 3*/; times that of its height; length of head 
equal to 6 times that of eye, and 3 times that of 
snout, beeoming a little shorter with age, 
Peetorals long, gradually pointing towards the 
distal end. Back blackish tinged with greyish- 
blue, side silvery, and iris silvery-blue. Ventrals 
greyish, while the anal white with a yellow tip. 
A very voracious fish, feeding on small fish, cut- 
tle fish and amphipoda. 
* The species haunts water at a depth of from 20 
to 120 m., at temperatures of from 13° to 25° C., 
in southern Japan. Distribution of this species in 
Japan extends from the south to about 36° N, 
latitude. 
Caught ou the southern coasts of Japan and 
also off the Ryukyu Islands, and Formosa. The 
fish attains a total length of 1.5 metres with a weight 
of 90 kg, Flesh pink in colour and rather soft, 
especially that of the young. 
Neothunnus macropterus (Temminck & Schlegel) 
** Kihada ”’ 
PL. XXV, fig. 3. X 0 
D. XIII, 14, 9; A. 14 to 15, 8 to 9; scales 270. 
Length of body equal to 3*/, times that of 
head, and 8 */, times that of its height; length of 
head equal to 7 times that of eye, and 3 times 
that of snout. Body fusiform and elongated ; 
head small, and caudal portion long. Scales minute. 
MIT N. lat. 30° HEEE 0. MICH AEC DEB b B. 
EEA A, ME 200 HEEFT. DU ECL 
THIS CURD NEH ۰ 
A | 
Germo germo (Lacépède) 
E E, 1 ع مد‎ 3 
GBO ER mm) ۶ 
D. XIV, 14, 8; A, 14, 8+ scales 210. 
i K E 3/۸ HAO 87/ . HRAMED 
3 45, IED 6 % r DY. او‎ C. S MUI FEE 
KED. MERRY جع لوسر عم‎ LTE > دک رال‎ 
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ci که !زناه‎ Seu, ER Atm N Elf o. 
PEAS DIGIC LCR 12K, BE 15 11۳ b. EA 
ALT 25 Hr, 
We PE م3‎ KH] b Sgr 35 0 JA, MEH, 
ASES TT 
WS. ik L KHE eXUbL. Du 
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xis 
Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel) 
* . ORR), oa’? (Wu) 
SITZE BT) «Vs 
D. XIX, 15, 7 to 8; A. 15, 5 to 6. 
FILO م3‎ BED 4 ott, M EUA NE 
84 RED To tio. MATES HET LT, H 
ZU C EMREIS 21822 مسا‎ RRA 
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CRE LEILA iic L. 
> 3 n 
Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel) 
7 UNERD DD), 2e YE (KERB DOD) 
《第 二 十 五 图 版 ”第 一 图 ) x< 
D. XIII to XV, 14, 8 to 9; A. 13 to 15, 7 to 8; 
seales 230. 
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Parathunnus sibi (Temminek & Schlegel) 
【第 二 二 五 图 版 ”第 二 图 ) x Ys 
D. XIV to XV, 13, 9; A. 13. 9; seales 190. 
MEHMED 3½ 14 HAO 3% f h. ۴ 
KO 6 1% MRO 3 f, MERA ERL LE NA 
Sh ۱۰۱212۳80 عل قا إن سا‎ > ud zu /I 
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MAE 36° HER O. HHC NSN CA EI ا جا‎ 
RER fidi 90 RE IN iE T. Diir L'Cile2» ¢ Bl 
E 9112119 ٠ 
zn s 
Neothunnus macropterus (Temminck & Schlegel) 
GBA BE) xo 
D. XIH, 14, 9, A. 14 to 15, 8 to 9; scales 270, 
281۵11۴ 3% ff, (50 3,1%, HERE (o 
7 1, MED 3 45b O. EA LTH V án 
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