Tt is the most delicious among the puffers ; lanterns 
made of its skin are on sale in curio-shops in 
Japan. The sting is only slightly poisonous. 
Diodon holacanthus Linne 
** Harisenbon ’’ 
PL. XLI, fig. 4. x". 
D. 12; A. 12, 
Body nearly globular, with many long, strong 
dermal spines which are 2-rooted and erectile, but 
immovable; frontal spines long; there are 14 to 
17 spines in a row between snout and insertion of 
dorsalfin. Teeth of jaws not divided by a median 
suture, Nasal tube simple but with two lateral 
openings. Dorsal and anal fins short, rounded, not 
faleate and placed posteriorly. Body mottled with 
black blotehes of unequal sizes; there is a black 
bloteh behind the pectoral fin, and also another 
above each peetoral fin. This fish attains to a 
length of 150 mm.; occurs occasionally in shallow 
seas of southern Japan. 
Ostracion immaculatum (Temminck & Schlegel) 
** Hako-hugu " 
PL. XLI, fig. 5. x1 
D. 9; A, 9; seales 11. 
Length of body 4 times that of head and 2%, 
times depth of body. Length of head 3 times dia- 
meter of eye and 1 '/, times length of snout. Bedy 
shortish, stout; head small, with profile steep in 
front. Snout protruded, eoneave in profile. Mouth 
sub-inferior, eye high ; lips thick and fleshy. Teeth 
rather small pointed. Dorsal entirely opposite in 
front of anal, ard a little higher than anal; caudal 
long, obtusely convex posterirorly. Scales of cara- 
pace mostly hexagonal on sides. Colour brownish 
yellow, profusely spotted. A sluggish sea fish of 
southern Japan. 
Aracana aculeata (Houttuyn) 
"7 Ttomaki-hugu ” 
PL. XLI fig. 6. x1 
D. 11; A. 10. 
Length of body equal to 3 */, times that of head, 
and twice depth of body; length of head equal to 
1 % times that of snout and twice diameter of eye. 
Bcdy short, stout, eovered with hard immovable, 
6-angled carapace formed by fusion of coarsely- 
striated large seales; lips, narrow part about 
vent, and caudal peduncle free from carapace; 
carapace has six ridges ; there is no ridge on middle 
of back or belly; there is a broad, flat spine di- 
rected outwards and slightly backwards about 
middle portion between posterior margin of eye 
and origin of dorsal fin, this spine being followed 
by two very short ones; one prominent middle 
lateral ridge with five graduated spines, increasing 
in size from the front backwards; on the lower 
lateral ridge there is a large flat spine. Eyes large. 
Dorsal fin opposite to anal, Body brownish above, 
whitish below ; back and upper part of body having 
dark-brown spots which are smaller than pupil. 
Tt attains to 150 mm. in length; found in rather 
shallow waters from Bosyu to Kyusyu. 
Spheroides pardalis (Temminck & Schlegel) 
*' Higan-hugu ” 
PL. XLI, fig. 1. x 
D. 10 to 11; A. 8 to 9. 
Length of body equal to 3 times that of head, 
and to 3% times depth of body; length of head 
equal to 2?/, times that of snout, and to 5 % times 
diameter of eye. Body rather robust, with a faint 
lateral fold posteriorly. Back and belly without 
priekles, but covered with small dermal elevations 
all over body. Dorsal and anal fins short, not fal- 
cate; caudal fin distinctly rounded posteriorly. 
Colour of body dark-brown above; sides clear 
brownish-yellow and paler below; back and sides 
irregularly, but rather dersely, covered with round 
blackish-brown spots, wich are unequal in size, 
and rather larger on the back; there are no large 
blotches at the bases of the dorsal and pectoral 
fins; dorsal and caudal fins of a dusky colour; 
anal and pectoral orange. This fish attains to a 
length of about 400 mm., and is found rather 
commonly along all the eoasts of Japan, There 
is a strong poison in the viscera of this species, 
Spheroides porphyreus (Temminck & Schlegel) 
“ Ma-hugu " 
PL. XLI, fig, 2, 8 
D. 14: A. 12. 
Length of body equal to 2 / times that of head, 
and to 3 times depth of body; length of head 
equal to 2½ times that of snout, and to 5 '/, 
times diameter of eye. Body oblong, stout, with 
the tail rather short. Lateral fold obsolete. Skin 
without prickles, but with dermal papillae on back. 
Dorsal and anal fins faleate and caudal fin distinet- 
ly lunate. Colour of body purplish-brown above, 
whitish below ; there is a large blackish-grey bloteh 
behind base of peetoral fin. ‚Total length attains 
to 400 mm. Species rather common from Tokyo 
to Kyusyu; its flesh is delicious to taste, although 
virulent poisons are present in viscera, especially 
so at the spawning season in April and May. The 
poison of this fish not so dangerous as that of S. 
chrysops (Hilgendorf). 
Spheroides rubripes (Temminck & Schlegel) 
"7 Tora-hugu " 
Pin XL, fig. 3. x, 
D. 14; A. 13. 
Length of body equal to 3 times that of head, 
and to 3% times depth of body: length of head 
equal to 2 ½½ times that of snout, and to 8 times 
diameter of eye. Body oblong, rather stout, caudal 
peduncle somewhat slender. Lateral fold of body 
distinct posteriorly. Back of body from inter-or- 
bital space to insertion of dorsal fin with rather 
large prickles from chin to near vent. Dorsal and 
anal fins large but not falcate. Body greyish- 
brown above, light-yellow below; there is a large 
black ocellated blotch on sides of body behind pac- 
toral fin; behind it two or three small ones and 
irregular vermiculations present ; at base of dorsal 
fin there is a rather large black blotch which ex- 
tends on to the fin. This fish is among the largest 
swell-fish, in Japan attaining to 500 mm. in length ; 
yery abundant on the coast of southern Japan. 
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