NORTH .SHORE BREEZE. 
WAR ON THE MOTHS 
Parasites Let Loose and Result now being Carefully piBiched. 
= 
In asking the Massachusetts legislature 
for a total appropriation of $300,000 to 
cover the expense of the warfare this 
year against-the gypsy and browntail 
moths, Archie H. Kirkland, state super- 
‘intendent for the suppression of ‘inséct 
pests, said that over 80,000 parasites of 
the moths have been let loose from the 
experiment station at Melrose Highlands 
during the past week, and that 20,000 
more-‘will-be ready for liberation within 
a few days. 
‘This action is regarded as a most .im- 
portant step-in the campaign of the 
United States, department of agriculture 
and the state authorities against the de- 
structive moths, and the result will be 
watched wtih keen interest. in every 
‘locality where these insects have appeared. 
It represents the latest and most. scienti- 
fic methods of dealing with a. problem 
which has caused an ‘expenditure of 
many hundreds of thousands of dollars 
in Massachusetts and other. New Eng- 
Jand states during the past decade. 
For the past two years experts have 
been engaged in propagating’ the para- 
sites. The headquarters of :this work 
has beén located in specially constructed 
buildings in Melrose, where scores of 
different varieties of moth-eating insects 
have been received from collectors sent - 
-to Europe for that purpose. Each var- 
iety has been the subject of careful ex- 
periments, and if it has proven to be a 
natural enemy of the gypsy moth, im- 
“ mense colonies of the variety have been 
raised in the breeding cases. 
The parasites so far selected work 
against the moths in four distinct ways. 
The large calosoma beetles, as well as 
two other species closely allied to them, 
climb the trees, seize the caterpillars 
and never Jet go until they have devoured 
the wriggling insect. The tachinid flies 
lay their eggs upon the outer skin of the 
caterpillars, usually bate up to tHe head. 
The larvae that hatch penetrate the sin 
of the caterpillar and feed upon its “1 
testines. 
Another group of he parasitic Hies 
deposit eggs inside thé skin of the cCater- 
pillar and the maggots act as in the case 
just given.. Then there is another para- 
site, a minute midge, that drills into’ the 
eggs of the caterpillar and lays its eggs 
inside. ~The larvae of the parasite feeds 
upon the contents of the caterpillar’s 
eggs until ready to emerge. Some of 
these flies also enter the nests .or winter 
webs of the brown tail species and_ there 
operate upon the hibernating caterpillars 
during the winter months. , 
‘The scientists say. that there is every 
reason to believe that in time these para- 
sites will accomplish the practical sup- 
pression of the gypsy moth. . [In Europe 
_the parasites have always acted as a_ nat- 
ural check on the spread of the moths, 
but in this country, after these insect 
pests had been accidentally introduced, 
they were free from this check and in- 
creased accordingly. 
‘The present experiment is the most 
important that has been tried in the war 
against the gypsy moth. Long ago the 
authorities realized that the costly method 
of hunting out and destroying nests each 
year, and spraying trees, was only a 
makeshift at best, though fairly success- 
ful in preventing the wholesale destruc- 
tion of trees and other vegetation. 
The parasite plan, while costly in the 
experimental state, is expected to aftord 
a permanent solution of the whole prob- 
lem. For this reason the results of the 
introduction. of the parasites in the neigh- 
borhood where the pest made its first ‘ap- 
pearance in this country will be awaited 
with interest in every locality where ‘the 
gypsy and browntail moths have been 
found. 
1 
Letters remaining unclaimed at Manchester 
Mass., P. O. for week ending May 16: .Mrs 
Thomas Chalmers, Mrs John Carr, Thomas 
Cook, Dea A H Daniels, Mrs Bertha Gagin 2, 
J Lemener Harrington, Mrs.M Hayes'1, Mrs 
Louise Kendrick, Miss Nellie Murray 1, "James 
Marsh, James Mears, Miss Anna S Stearns Mrs 
J R Williams. : 
' SAMUEL L. WHEATON, Postmaster. 
—aer 
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