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NORTH SHORE BREEZE 
A:WEEKLY- JOURNAL DEVOTED-TO-THE: BEST: INTERESTS-OFTHENORTHSHORE 
Vol. I. No. 13 
BEVERLY, MASS., SATURDAY, AUGUST 13, 1904 
Three Cents 
Entered as second-class matter May 23, 1904, at the post-office at Beverly, Mass., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. 
UNSOLVED POLAR PROBLEMS. 
BY W. S. C. RUSSELL. 
(Copyrighted, 1904.] 
The scientific results that will ac- 
crue from a careful examination of 
the immense area, unexplored, sur- 
rounding the Pole are many. 
No portion. of the globe has failed 
to be fruitful to scientific study. This 
section is of a special character, pre- 
senting opportunities for the observa- 
tion of physical phenomena elsewhere 
unequalled. Copernicus, Kepler and 
Galileo invaded the heavens, Newton 
mathematics, Descartes and Huy- 
ghens the realms of philosophy—each 
in an unpromising field, but with 
results intensely important to human 
progress. 
In spite of all that scientific research 
has done in the northern realms, many 
great problems remain unsolved. Hy- 
drographical and geographical knowl- 
edge is very incomplete—imperfect— 
and accuracy will utterly fail of 
attainment till all the land and water 
areas of the earth are fully explored. 
The exact shape of the globe is still 
unknown, and it cannot be determined 
till geodetic measurements are taken 
at the polar areas. The problems of 
insulation await an explanation in 
spite of all the efforts expended. 
The determination of solar heat 
received by the earth will be delayed 
till thermal measurements are com- 
pleted in every quarter, and this with 
all deference to the conclusions of 
Maxwell and Lord Kelvin. The point 
of maximum ‘cold’ has not been 
located ; nor do we know the longi- 
tude and latitude of the magnetic 
poles, though James Ross, in 1833, 
determined the north magnetic pole 
to be in long. 96°, 44’, 45” ; lat. 70°, 
5’, 17” north. This was nearly a 
century ago, and the magnetic pole is 
constantly ‘‘moving,’” much to the 
annoyance of engineers. 
The problems of meteorology, mag- 
netism and electricity, in all their 
complexity, await solution, and this 
age, of all others, demands an answer, 
not as a matter of interest to pure 
science, but because modern industry, 
in all its ramifications, is deeply rooted 
in the scientific soil 
Peary has practically settled the 
question of the configuration of the 
west Greenland coast, but no man 
can say whether land surrounds the 
Pole, or there be masses of paleocrystic 
ice or an “‘ open polar sea.’’ Geography 
demands the fact, not a theory. 
Navigation exerts its claim to a 
perfect knowledge of ocean currents. 
England and the United States spend 
annually thousands of dollars to fur- 
ther knowledge in this direction, that 
commerce may profit thereby, but 
until the origin, destination and 
physical work of every ocean current 
is known their work will be incom- 
plete, and mariners must navigate 
strange waters. What becomes of 
the Gulf Stream? We have some 
knowledge and much speculation ; we 
know its effect upon climate and its 
transporting power. All of this is of 
value, but it is only partial knowledge, 
which is often dangerous. The 
“Eagiehead,” Manchester, 
One of the most picturespue views on the North Shore is “Eaglehead” at the easterly end of the 
Itis a bold, rocky promontory crowned with foliage, and gets 
It is on the hiH back of this that the 
famous Singing beach, Manchester. 
its name from a fancied resemblance to the head of an eagle. 
late Senator McMillan built his summer home and where he delighted to spend his summers. The Of 
family still spend the summer season here 
(ast i) 
CATALOGUED, 
authors of our school] geogra- 
phies give an answer, but it is 
not based upon knowledge. 
In connection with the 
above is the problem of the 
peculiar ‘polar tide.” What 
is its cause, its effect upon 
the earth’s rotation, etc. ? 
Darwin gives an answer, and 
the astronomers make state- 
ments, but the fact remains 
that no man £xzows, and man 
must remain in ignorance till 
all the mysteries are revealed 
relative to that ‘secluded 
ocean, which has never yet 
been cut by the keel of mor- 
tal ship,’’ and this in spite of 
the fact that the Avram drifted 
nearly to the 85th parallel. 
The science of geodesy 
anxiously awaits the results 
pendulum observations 
nears or ;at.. the. polex «Sir 
