2 
ing and civilization. Caxton not only 
printed more than 80 works, he was 
anauthor, too, to some extent, and a 
translator, and helped much by putting 
the language into printed form, first 
in black-letter and later in Roman 
type, to give it consistency and perma- 
nence. Though a man of moderate 
gifts, he made all learning his debtor ; 
hc belongs to the great guild of literary 
workmen who have given the world 
‘the art preservative of all arts.” 
With the opening of the sixteenth 
century, England witnessed the dawn 
of a brighter day ; books were multi- 
plied, the classics. were translated, 
Greek was taught at Oxford, Erasmus 
had published his New Testament, 
which gave a new impetus to the study 
of the original, a passion for learning 
spread throughout the realm. It was 
the far-famed Renaissance, the literary 
preparation for the Reformation. But 
the literature was largely theological ; 
Craumer produced his Bible, the first 
to be read in churches, being chained 
toa pillarin St. Paul’s, and the Prayer- 
book, a revision of old Roman missals ; 
while Latimer, with his homely, in- 
cisive, courageous speech, startled the 
national conscience, hastened the day 
of religious treedom, and himself went 
bravely to the stake, lighting a candle 
which Rome could never put out. 
The Age of Elizabeth, which may 
NORTH SHORE BREEZE 
be dated from her accession in 1558, 
was a period of remarkable activity in 
the political and intellectual world ; it 
was a time of stirring events, the age 
of Drake and Raleigh, of the Spanish 
Armada, of world-wide discovery and 
maritime adventure ; men’s minds be- 
came alert and inquisitive, the torpor 
of centuries was thrown off, and Eng- 
land, from being a fifth-rate power,. 
pressed to the front among the nations 
of Europe. : Many things combined 
to make the time one of the most 
fruitful periods in literary annals; the 
classical revival and the Reformation, 
the printing-press and Puritanism, the 
spirit of commercial enterprise, the 
mastery of the seas, the energy and 
fire of the age, all tended to produce a 
wonderful intellectual ferment. Eng- 
land outstripped in half a century all 
of its rivals; it became wiser than the 
ancients ; it ’ surpassed the golden age 
of Grecian and Roman learning, the 
age of Pericles and Plato; in the 
multitude of its poets, its dramatists, 
its philosophers, it eclipsed all other 
nations and itself. It was an age of 
almost unbounded fancy, of splendid 
pageants, of mighty thoughts, of 
learned women and great and ambi- 
tious men—‘‘the spacious times of 
great Elizabeth.” Besides a cloud of 
minor writers, who might have made 
any other age distinguished, the names 
of Spenser, Sir Philip Sydney, Hooker, 
Bacon, Shakespeare, Marlow and Mil- 
ton are sufficient to prove the unsur- 
passed greatness of the time; it was 
an age of solid strength and_ lofty 
adornment: an age whose slendor of 
literary achievements equalled that of 
its martial grandeur. 
In future papers some of its great 
masters of thought and expression will 
pass in review. 
New Lights at the Farms. 
New electric lights are soon to be 
placed on Greenwood avenue and 
Everett street, Beverly Farms, as a 
result of action taken at the meeting 
of the board of aldermen Tuesday 
night. It. took quite a while, but now 
the Beverly Farms people may feel 
that some of their wants are being 
answered. It was. only a few weeks 
ago the BREEZE urged this action, but 
it was almost eight months ago that 
Frank I. Lomasney and a large num- 
ber of summer residents im that section 
of the village petitioned the board of 
aldermen for new lights on Greenwood 
avenue, and the past summer Stephen 
J. Connolly headed another petition 
for lights on Everett street. Both 
petitions were pigeonholed, and came 
up last Tuesday night for final dispo- 
sition. 
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