6 > 
at Magnolia, .a gardener’s cottage and garage has been 
built, from plans by Andrews, Rantoul & Howland. They 
are on Norman avenue, some distance away from the 
house, on the Shore road. It bears the characteristic 
name of “Rockledge.” The new cottage and garage are 
of brick construction, carried out by E. A. Abbott Com- 
pany, Boston contractors, The cottage is of two stories 
with pitched roof and is planned with regard to comfort 
on both its first and second stories. Connecting with it 
is the greenhouse, which includes a palm house. The 
entire building is about a hundred feet in length. The 
greenhouse is thoroughly modern in its construction and 
equipment. The work is well along and it is expected 
will be finished early in July. 
MONTSERRAT Estate HAs BEEN DevELoreD. 
N Essex street at Montserrat, much has been done for 
Ellery Sedgwick of Boston, who has acquired a hold- 
ing of about two hundred acres with a small house, which 
has undergone considerable remodelling, from plans by a 
Boston firm of architects, Richardson, Barott & Richard- 
son. It stands about 300 feet back from the highway and 
NORTH SHORE BREEZE and Reminder 
June 8, 1917. 
is two and a half stories high, with a lean-to. The L, has 
‘been made into a spacious living-room, the service part 
has been modernized and much changed and some former 
sheds have been altered for a servants’ dining-room and a 
man’s room, New heating and lighting equipment has 
been installed. The second floor shows new sleeping 
porches, baths and rearrangement of rooms for children, 
a nurse and for servants. A big outside chimney pro- 
vides several rooms with deep fireplaces. The exterior 
is marked by a new porch and the grounds immediately 
about the house have been made attractive and fitted with 
arbors, pergolas and other features, with surrounding 
terraces. It is Mr. Sedgwick’s intention to build even- 
tually a large house on his place, meanwhile making use 
of the remodelled house which, when the new house is 
built, will be used for a gardener’s cottage. The changes 
have been made for Mr. Sedgwick by A. J, Gallagher 
Company, of Beverly. A temporary garage to hold two 
cars is in process of building and will soon be ready. It — 
is of good construction. 
(Continued to page T4) 
The National Flag—Flag Day, 
June 14 
Article Supplied by Smithsonian 
Institution, Washington, D. C. 
ODAY probably several million American Flags are 
waving serenely in the varied breezes of our spacious 
land, significant of the calm and dignified, yet deep and 
lasting patriotism of the American people. Be this our 
native land or adopted country, we pledge allegiance to 
that flag, uncover as we pass, and wear it in miniature 
as a token of our loyalty. And yet what do we know 
about its origin, its meaning, and its history? A lecture 
trip to the United States National Museum in Washing- 
ton, the National depository of American relics, will teach 
much concerning the flag. 
Naturally there were many forms of early flags, 
especially Colonial types used by the individual Colonies 
and militia regiments, before the flag of the United States 
was established by our Continental Congress on June 14, 
1777, now celebrated as Flag Day. This act required that 
the Flag of the United States be thirteen horizontal 
stripes, alternate red and white, and that the union be 
thirteen white stars.on a blue field, representing a new 
constellation, but it did not define how many points the 
stars should have, how they should be arranged, nor make 
provision for additional ones, 
At the time of the adoption of this resolution, Wash- 
ington is said to have observed: ‘‘We take the star from 
Heaven, the red from our mother country, separating it 
by white stripes, thus showing that we have separated 
from her, and the white stripes shall go down to pos: 
terity representing Liberty.” 
One of the first occasions for public display of the 
“Stars and Stripes” is said to have been on August 6, 
1777, when the new flag was hoisted over the troops at 
Fort Schuyler, Rome, New York. John Paul Jones, is 
said to have been the first to fly the stars and stripes over 
the high seas, on the “Ranger,” in November, 1777. The 
National Museum has an early Naval 12-star type flag 
said to have been flown by John Paul Jones during the 
War of the Revolution. 
It has been well said that our national emblem stands 
for American ideals and ideas—it is not the flag of a 
family or a house, but the flag of the whole people. It 
le herdard 
as 
is the emblem of liberty and freedom, being indicative of 
individual independence and yet symbolic of a united and 
closely bonded people. Far from being merely painted 
and dyed cloth, it represents the Constitution and Govern- 
ment of a hundred million free people, it stands for the 
people themselves, and records the history of their nation. 
In the National Museum at Washington, among the 
many other patriotic relics and emblems, are displayed 
more than 30 historic American flags. On the labels the 
history of each is recorded; some came from fields of 
battle, a number from famous sea fights, and others were 
flown over garrisons or forts by distinguished American 
officers, = 
The series of flags shows very well the. periodic 
changes which have taken place in our flag. From the 
time of the Revolution the stars and stripes in the flag 
have varied. There were 13 stars during the Revolution, 
15 in the War of 1812, 29 in the Mexican War, 33 to 35 
in the Civil War, 45 in the Spanish War, and 48 today. 
The stripes were changed first from 13 to 15, and then 
back again to 13. It may be surprising to know that our 
national flag is among the oldest flags of the nations, be- 
ing older than the present British Jack, the French Tri- 
color, some of which are either personal flags or those of 
the reigning families. 
The American flag of the highest historic and senti-: 
mental value to the whole country is in the National Mu- 
seum collections. It is the originial “Star Spangled Ban- 
ner,” which flew over Fort McHenry in Baltimore Har- 
bor, during the bombardment on September 13-14, 1814, 
and was the inspiration of T’rancis Scott Key’s immortal 
poem, now sung as our National Anthem. ‘This flag, ex- 
hibited in the Arts and Industries building of the National 
Museum, is also known as the “Fort McHenry Flag.” It 
is of the 15-star-and-stripe type, adopted after the admis- 
sion of Vermont and Kentucky by an act approved by 
President Washington, January 13, 1794, The “Star 
Spangled Banner” measures about 30 feet square, though 
it was probably somewhat longer, and is much battered 
(Continued to page 26) 
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