U. S. MACHINE CO. PLANT, 
[Continued from page 1.] 
proof qualities and the manner in 
which the work was done. 
By reinforced concrete is meant 
concrete work which is strengthened 
by steel rods placed in the concrete 
while it is being ‘‘poured”’ in those 
places which are subject to the great- 
est strains. Reinforced concrete 
beams, which, together with a thin 
slab, compose the floors, when sub- 
‘jected to a load, have a tendency to 
break, but are held together by these 
reinforcing steel rods, which take up 
pulling strains and which concrete 
alone is unable to do to any great 
extent, though it has great strength 
in compression. The steel rods are 
also placed in the concrete which is 
not subject to strain, as in non-bearing 
walls, especially those exposed to ex- 
tremes of temperature. Rods placed 
in work of this kind has a tendency to 
tie it together and prevent cracking. 
The concrete is made up of broken 
stone, sand and cement of the correct 
proportions, to which water is added, 
and the whole mixed in a revolving 
drum fitted with a chute, which feeds 
the concrete into buckets, which are 
picked up by the use of a cable-way 
fitted to traveling towers, and carried 
to the point where it is to be used. 
_ The form work is of wood, built up, 
supported and braced, and is con- 
structed similar to a mould of the 
correct dimensions, into which is 
poured the concrete. It requiresabout 
two weeks for the cement to harden, 
at which time the forms, or moulds, 
are removed, and the resulting work 
has the appearance of cast stone. The 
strength of concrete work increases 
as it ages. 
This new plant is composed of ten 
buildings of various sizes and required 
practically 30,000 cubic yards of con- 
crete for their construction. The two 
main buildings are 522 feet long, 62 
wide and 60 feet high ; the floor area 
is divided into 20-foot squares, sup- 
porting columns at each eorner. The 
floors are designed to carry a load of 
250 pounds per square foot, with a 
factor of safety of four. The roof is 
to carry a load of 75 pounds per 
square foot besides its own weight. 
These two main buildings are to be 
used as the machine shops; the east- 
erly building will contain the offices, 
draughting room, etc. In addition to 
these two buildings is one of the same 
width and height, 280 feet in length. 
This building is to be used for ship- 
ping and storage, but arrangements 
have been made whereby it can be 
utilized for a machine shop when the 
growth requires it. Between the two 
main buildings and connecting them 
are constructed two large buildings, 
NORTH SHORE BREEZE 
13 
—— 
fitted with modern sanitary appli- 
ances. 
In the basement of this building is 
installed the heating apparatus, con- 
sisting of large fans, engines to run 
the same, and sets of wrought iron 
pipe coils. This apparatus in working 
order draws the cold air down through 
an open shaft leading to the roof, 
through the pipe coils, which are fed 
with steam from the power house. 
The air when heated is forced through 
an opening in the basement wall, 
through a concrete duct led along 
outside of the buildings. In these 
ducts at intervals of 20 feet are open- 
ings through which the warm air is 
deflected into hollow columns. The 
air is thrown into each story through 
an opening in the column. In this 
manner the air can be changed from 
0° to 70° Farenheit. 
spreads out in a footing 18 feet square. 
The chimney is made of concrete and 
sand in the proportion of one to four. 
It is reinforced with perpendicular 
rods, 72 of which are set in the lower 
part, and the number gradually de- 
creasing until there are only 12 at the 
top. Motion is very perceptible at the 
top. of this chimney in a high wind. 
Water for boiler purposes can be 
stored in two reservoirs of about 
20,000,000 gallons capacity each. 
Owing tothe large water shed these 
two basins can be filled very quickly. 
To obtain these basins the construc- 
tion of three dams was necessary. 
Two of these dams are made of con- 
crete and one of earth, with a con- 
crete core wall. The lower dam is 
entirely of concrete and is fitted with 
a tide-gate, making it impossible for 
the tide water to go beyond this point. 
UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CO. PLANT AT BEVERLY, 
In addition to the above buildings 
there is a foundry 222x108 ; a power 
house, 91x99; a forge shop and hard- 
ening plant, 220x62 ; and two smaller 
buildings which connect larger build- 
ings of the plant. 
The foundry and power house are 
detached buildings, and are set in such 
a manner that the general layout of 
the buildings form a square about 
530 feet on a side. 
A spur track, connecting with the 
Boston & Maine R.R., runs through 
the plant. 
The machinery in these buildings is 
run by electricity generated by steam 
turbines, which run at a speed of 
1,800 revolutions per minute. Lead- 
ing from the power house are tunnels 
of sufficient height to walk in, in 
which are carried steam and water 
pipes, also electric cables led through 
clay conduits embedded in the floor of 
the tunnel. These cables are led to 
motors which are suspended on steel 
frame work secured to the ceilings. 
In connection to the power house a 
chimney of reinforced concrete has 
been constructed. It is 140 feet high 
and 6 inches inside draught. The 
foundation for the chimney extends 
down into the ground 16 feet and 
A complete storm-water and sani- 
tary sewer system has been installed, 
and is constructed in such a manner 
that any part of it can be inspected 
and cleaned with very little difficulty. 
The storm water is emptied into the 
lower basin and flows out with the 
tide. The sanitary sewer is connected 
with the city system. 
At the present time the area around 
and between the buildings is being 
graded with loam; shrubbery and 
flowers are being planted, and on the 
completion of the work the grounds 
will be very attractive. 
Roadways of various widths, con- 
structed of concrete with a granolithic 
finish, are being constructed between 
the building and along the ends. 
The plant will be open to Balch 
street toward North Beverly by an 
18-foot roadway leading in that direc- 
tion, parallel with and west of the 
Boston & Maine R.R. Two roadways 
will lead to the plant from Elliott 
street, one of a 25-foot width, running 
in on a curve, connecting with the 
spur track from the Boston & Maine; 
another of an 18-foot width running 
parellel to the main line of the Boston 
& Maine R.R., and 150 feet west of 
same, 
